Innovation and Technology for a Green Future of the Port of Catania

14 Giugno, 2024

On 17 January 2024, the European Parliament adopted a report on building a comprehensive European port strategy . It recognizes and supports the strategic and multidimensional role of European ports, which are essential to mobility, trade, industry, energy and the environment.
It also emphasizes the importance of ensuring a level playing field between European ports, promoting cooperation and integration between ports and their communities, supporting investment and innovation in ports, and improving the governance and transparency of port infrastructures and port authorities.
The ESPO (European Sea Ports Organization) welcomed the report, calling it a strong political message in support of European ports and a recognition of their key role for the future of Europe.
“Maritime transport and ports are facing a complex geopolitical time related to the situation we are experiencing in the Suez Canal; a time full of challenges and opportunities as well, though. Operators need more than ever information and data to better understand and know the ongoing events”.
Port facilities are vital for both domestic and international trade, though they also pose a threat to the environment as they are responsible for particularly high CO2 emissions. The port system is a key element in the economic and social development of a country, capable of creating wealth and employment at both local and national level. As Italy is a peninsula with a wide availability of coastal areas, the port system is also particularly developed.
It is important, however, that this development should be backed up by environmental protection policies. Ports are indeed responsible for a substantial share of greenhouse gas emissions, which are harmful to the ecosystem and to the health of the many people living near these facilities (90% of European ports are in urban areas). Their development must therefore necessarily be backed up by environmental protection policies.
It is important that the process of logistical and economic development and the increasing use of the sea as a communication and transport route goes along with the protection of the environment of port areas and the minimization of the environmental impact of port infrastructures on the surrounding territory.
In this regard, the Italian National Recovery and Resilience Plan (PNRR) provides for important allocations to ensure that actions are taken to reduce port energy consumption and increase its environmental sustainability, in particular through the use of renewable energy sources, with the ultimate goal of reducing annual CO2 emissions in port areas by 20%.
Italian Legislative Decree No 169/2016, as amended by legislative Decree No 232/2017, requires Port System Authorities (PSA) to promote the drafting of the Port System Energy and environmental Planning Document (DEASP), on the basis of the Guidelines adopted by the Ministry of Environment, in agreement with the Ministry of Infrastructure and Transport (Decree No 408 of 17 December 2018). “The planning of the port system must comply with energy and environmental sustainability standards, in line with the policies promoted by the current European directives on the subject. To this end, the Port System authorities shall promote the drafting of the Energy and environmental Planning Document of the port system with a view to pursuing appropriate objectives, in particular with regard to the reduction of CO2 emissions”.

The East Sicilian Sea PSA, which includes the ports of Augusta, Catania, Syracuse and Pozzallo, has, in its recent infrastructural pathway, always kept the focus on the environmental perspective. The aim is to increase traffic by optimizing and improving the movement of goods and passengers. This is the goal of the Smart Port Digital Ecosystem project funded for €5.21 million by the ACP Infrastructure and Networks 2014-2020 – Axis “A – Logistics digitization”. The project stems from the need of the Port System Authority of the Eastern Sicilian Sea (AdSP-MSO) to implement digitization measures resulting from the new regulatory and organizational environment governing national port services.
Through layers of management and applications, the fully automated gates quickly exchange information with the main actors and entities involved in the authorization processes, allowing an optimized, steady and fast vehicular inbound and outbound traffic.

Interoperability among port stakeholders. (Elaboration: Massimo Scatà).

The PSA also achieved funding from the ACP Axis D “Green Ports” for the construction of a photovoltaic facility on shaded platform roofs, producing electricity from renewable sources in the parking areas at the ports of Augusta and Catania.

With the aim of promoting initiatives in the field of energy production from renewable sources, through the recognition and economic exploitation of the great potential of natural energy resources in the area, AdSP-MSO has implemented, at the parking areas of the ports of Augusta and Catania, photovoltaic facilities located on shaded platform roofs powered by renewable sources, with zero CO2 emissions and producing electricity for port users.
This project is one of the objectives set for of port systems, namely to reduce fossil fuels and therefore CO2 emissions, by improving the quality of the environment in ports and neighboring areas.

The system, already in operation, is capable of transforming solar energy into electricity directly and instantaneously without the use of any fuel, moving parts and without emissions of any kind of chemical and noise pollutant, limiting the impact on the environment.
The facility is designed to be integrated in the near future in the “Cold Ironing” system, a process to supply shore electricity to a ship at berth while its main and auxiliary engines are switched off.
In this regard, a ship moored in a port keeps a number of electric generators in operation to produce the electricity it needs to supply on-board services, which is a source of air pollution, not only in the area next to the mooring docks, but in the surrounding areas falling within the strongly anthropized urban centers as well. The auxiliary engines are in fact fired with low sulfur fuel, which, through the combustion process, produces pollutants.

Cruise ships docked in the port of Catania. (Photo: Alessia Calì).

In order to facilitate their reduction, in recent years Cold Ironing technology has been developed, which allows ships to switch off their own auxiliary engines and to connect to the shore grid in order to get the necessary electricity supply.

Keeping the electric generators in operation, in addition to air pollution, also results in an increase in the sound level in the neighboring area and generates vibrations within the ship itself. This will last all the time during which the ship remains at berth. For this reason, Alternative Marine Power (AMP), more commonly known as Cold Ironing, is strongly promoted by European Commission Recommendation 2006/339/EC.

In order to respond to the challenge of decarbonization, through the National Plan for complementary investments (NIC) – a funding instrument aimed at complementing with national resources the interventions of the National Recovery and Resilience Plan – Italy has allocated to projects for the electrification of the quays (Cold Ironing) a total amount of EUR 700 million, of which AdSP-MSO obtained EUR 56,500,000.00 for the electrification of the docks of the Port of Catania and EUR 32,600,000.00 for the electrification of the docks of the Commercial Port of Augusta.

Another important hint of the strategic nature of the Augusta port is its designation by the Sicilian Region and Ministry of infrastructures and transport as the port hub for the construction and assembly of offshore wind farms.

Moreover, the important industrial and petrochemical area of Syracuse, the reference area of AdSP-MSO, has been chosen by a Franco-Swiss group as the location for the construction of a 100 MW green hydrogen plant, whose power could reach, on the basis of demand, 300 MW. Facing the new hydrogen frontier, AdSP-MSO is already working to keep up with the times.


HEAD IMAGE | The “Nuova Darsena” dock in the port of Catania. (Source: Port System Authority of the Eastern Sicilian Sea).



Article reference for citation:

SCATÀ, Massimo. “Innovation and Technology for a Green Future of the Port of Catania”. PORTUS | Port-City Relationship and Urban Waterfront Redevelopment, 47 (June 2024). RETE Publisher, Venice. ISSN 2282-5789.
URL: https://portusonline.org/innovation-and-technology-for-a-green-future-of-the-port-of-catania/

SCATÀ, Massimo. “Innovazione e tecnologia per un futuro verde del porto di Catania”. PORTUS | Port-City Relationship and Urban Waterfront Redevelopment, 47 (June 2024). RETE Publisher, Venice. ISSN 2282-5789.
URL: https://portusonline.org/innovation-and-technology-for-a-green-future-of-the-port-of-catania/



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