Notes on the Future of the Tourism in Catania City

14 Giugno, 2024

A city overlooking the sea, a dense and stratified urban space at the foot of the highest volcano in Europe, many culturally based tourist attractors that make the “elephant city” a potentially very touristy place. Yet Catania has been floating for several years between memories of southern Milan and a reality that does not give it the right place on the tourist market.

In this search for a market positioning, the city of Catania proceeds intermittently, using the star attractors at its disposal: Etna, cultural heritage, food, without ever undertaking a path of systemic valorisation and neglecting the potential tourist coming from its being a seaside city. The evidently weak link with the seaside part of the city was also determined by the development of the modern urban area which led to a widening of the sea front and an expansion towards the hinterland, involving the surrounding hilly areas. Consequently, the old cartographic scheme that associated the city with the sea and the port no longer reflects the current reality, in the face of a change in the urban structure over time, with a greater development of other land transport infrastructures (Di Bella, 2011). The efforts to give new impetus, transforming the port, which in recent decades has lived almost on the edge of the city, into a resource for the territory, has represented one of the main political issues linked to the development of the city, still much debated today.

Panorama of the coast at sunset and view of Etna during an eruption. (Photo: Elena Cocuzza).

The Blue Economy and Local Tourism

To overcome these difficulties, Catania should exploit the opportunities of the blue economy, by planning its development with integrated and interdependent supply chains, also considering that many of the companies involved in the sea supply chain are engaged in the production of accommodation and catering services, traditionally core of the hospitality sector.

To give a dimension of the tourist part of the local Blue Economy, we refer to the studies of the Tagliacarne Institute, carried out over the last few years, which report for Catania a contribution of accommodation and catering services, in terms of added value, of approximately 25 percent and an equally similar value for work. The local dimensions of the maritime economy are considerable: in 2022, more than half of the registered Sea Economy businesses at provincial level are concentrated in the city of Catania, i.e. 53% of the overall provincial value and almost 10% of the regional total. In the city, the companies registered in the Blue Economy have an impact of 7.7% on the total number of companies in the municipality. These productive and service activities should be in a more systemic relationship with the tourism industry, but this does not seem to happen due to the aforementioned marginality of the marine area compared to the city and the substantial absence of destination governance.

View from the container terminal of the Garcia and Vittoria forts inside the Port of Augusta. (Photo: Elena Cocuzza).

Catania in the Tourist Market

Catania reflects the various weaknesses of the southern tourist market. The Bank of Italy (Banca d’Italia, 2019) has highlighted how the expenditure of foreign tourists per inhabitant is higher in the central-northern regions than in the southern ones and recent studies have highlighted how the share of tourist presences absorbed by the southern regions is modest (around 20% of total tourist presences in Italy in 2019). The SVIMEZ (2023) reports how the degree of attractiveness of the southern regions has increased significantly with reference to foreign tourists alone, although their presence is still very small compared to the attractiveness of the central-northern regions, while the percentage incidence of presences Italian tourism in the South fell by almost one percentage point between 2008 and 2019, going from 25.6 to 24.7%. Finally, the incidence of the South as a holiday for Southern tourists themselves has decreased, falling below the 50% threshold in 2019 (49.8%), with a drop of almost four percentage points compared to the 2008 figure (53.6% ), a value that probably grew in the post-pandemic period as an effect of local tourism.

Presences and tourist activities in the center of Catania. (Photo: Elena Cocuzza).

Unfortunately, to these elements of weakness Catania adds others, linked to a lack of unified vision capable of guiding it within the competition between modern tourist destinations. The effects of this lack of shared governance materialize in a weakness in terms of strategic planning and destination management, all elements which over time have affected the attractiveness and multiplicative economic effects of tourism. Some data, although not updated (Istat and the regional tourist observatory have not yet released the 2023 data) allow us to fully appreciate the phenomenon. In the last 7 years (from 2016 to 2022) Catania has not exceeded the threshold of 475,000 arrivals (415,000 by 2022), if we consider the provincial scope the figure does not exceed 915,000 arrivals (817,000 by 2022). At a regional level, Catania is the third Sicilian city for international arrivals and the second for national ones.

The average stay in the city of Catania in 2022 is 2.2 nights per arrival and this figure does not differ from that recorded in recent years. The same applies to the provincial value, albeit slightly higher (2.3). For comparison, the average stay in the province of Palermo in 2022 is 2.9 nights per arrival. If we look at the regional data, we realize how significantly higher this is (3 nights per arrival). The tourist area of Catania, understood as a city or as a province, therefore shows a different type of tourist consumption from that found at a regional level. Further elements for reflection in this area are suggested by the analysis of the duration of the holiday with respect to the type of accommodation. There is a relationship between hotels and non-hotels that is unfavourable to the former both if we consider the city and the provincial area. Once again, as with the previous data analysed, the regional comparison shows a different figure, with a distance between these two reception methods that is essentially zero.

Again, on this aspect, the use of the indicator on tourism in the non-summer months (Istat) is useful, which compares the presences of this period (June, July, August and September are not considered) compared to the resident population. This value for the province of Catania is equal to 0.9, close, albeit lower, to the regional value (1.1) and very far from star regions such as Lazio (3.5) and Veneto (4.4).

Finally, the tourist rate, which provides a measure of the crowding of a given area compared to tourist presences, demonstrates the distance between the municipal and provincial value and the regional one. In the first case the indicator in 2022 is in fact equal to 2, for the province it reaches the value of 1.8. For Sicily it is equal to 3.1.

To interpret the outlined picture, the analysis on seasonality is very useful, showing how the city has evidently transformed itself into an entry gate for the territory. In 7 years, the seasonal peak of June and October has diminished. Arrivals increase in the shoulder months (April and May). Flows increased in the months of July and August. This reduction in seasonal peaks, together with the reduced average length of stay, characterizes the tourist market as that of a transit city or one suitable for city breaks.

Cruise ship docked in the port of Catania. (Photo: Alessia Calì).

Policy Addresses

The framework outlined produces a series of consequences such as, for example, the economic effect on the territory, scaled down compared to the real potential, and very localised, near the historic centre, with the presence of congestion phenomena which limit the positive effects of the per capita spending on value added.

Added to this is the risk of trivializing tourist attractions, typical in contexts where the stay is short. All this obviously reduces the tourist potential of the city of Catania and suggests the adoption of policies that can give new impetus to the local tourist market which, instead of being ancillary to the tourist attractions of Taormina and Syracuse and south-eastern Sicily, becomes instead, on the contrary, in a more independent position. This change of direction also depends greatly on a different use of the Sea’s attractors organized in a more systemic way in favour of forms of sustainable tourism in order to satisfy local economic needs, preserving cultural integrity and biological diversity.

Boats docked along the breakwater in the Port of Catania. (Photo: Elena Cocuzza).


HEAD IMAGE | Terminal cruise in the Port of Catania. (Photo: Elena Cocuzza).


REFERENCES

Banca d’Italia (2019), Turismo in Italia: numeri e potenziale di sviluppo, Questioni di Economia e Finanza (Occasional Papers) n. 505.

SVIMEZ (2023), Rapporto SVIMEZ 2023. L’economia e la società del mezzogiorno, Il Mulino.

Di Bella, S. (2011). “Il waterfront di Catania: tra tradizione e modernità”. Geotema, vol. 40. pp. 94-102.



Article reference for citation:

PLATANIA, Marco. “Notes on the Future of the Tourism in Catania City”. PORTUS | Port-City Relationship and Urban Waterfront Redevelopment, 47 (June 2024). RETE Publisher, Venice. ISSN 2282-5789.
URL: https://portusonline.org/notes-on-the-future-of-the-tourism-in-catania-city/

PLATANIA, Marco. “Appunti sul futuro del turismo nella città di Catania”. PORTUS | Port-City Relationship and Urban Waterfront Redevelopment, 47 (June 2024). RETE Publisher, Venice. ISSN 2282-5789.
URL: https://portusonline.org/notes-on-the-future-of-the-tourism-in-catania-city/



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