The Visibility of Women in Spanish Ports Remains Low and Uneven

10 Giugno, 2024

Promoting the professional opportunities offered by the industry and eliminating stereotypes, challenges to ensure generational transition in ports

The presence of women in the logistics and transport industry in Spain has increased in recent years, it is undeniable, but it is still far from the levels achieved in other areas of economic activity. Whereas the national average of female representation is 47.3%, in the logistics-port business it barely reaches 22%.

This reality is not only tangible in Spain; at European level, the data is very similar. “The logistics and transport industry employs over 11 million people in Europe, yet women occupy only 22% of these positions”, confirms Mariló Peris, co-founder, and director of Foro de Logística.

“The lowest proportion of women in the area of logistics is in road transport, well below the industry average, with a 13.9% presence”, Peris details, “whereas there is a greater representation of women in air transport, with 41.8%, close to the national average”.

There is currently no barrier to access to the port profession, although the lack of knowledge of the port sector and the profession itself makes it difficult for women to enter. (Photo: Coordinadora Estatal de Trabajadores del Mar).

But what is happening in Spanish ports? The truth is that it is very difficult to quantify the presence of women in port activities that include professionals from port authorities, terminals, warehouses, depots, yards, mooring, pilots, security, agencies, experts, consultants, administration, seafarers, etc. There is no entity that counts access to logistics professionals broken down by gender, however, “in Puertos del Estado and Spanish ports we are committed to equality, conciliation and inclusion, as general objectives included in the Strategic Framework of the state-owned port system”, says Alvaro Rodriguez Dapena, President of the public entity Puertos del Estado.

Álvaro Rodríguez Dapena, President of the public entity Puertos del Estado. (Photo: Diario del Puerto).

In fact, one of the quantitative targets of the mentioned Strategic Framework is gender parity in the port system balanced at all levels, with a horizon of 2030. “In Puertos del Estado we have already achieved parity, with 50% of women and men in our team. This not only reflects our commitment to gender equality, but also sets a model for the entire port-logistics sector where there is still much to be done in this area”.

Nevertheless, the latest data available from Puertos del Estado, as of December 31, 2022, show that 3,545 men (73%) and 1,266 women (26%) work in the port authorities. However, as Rodríguez Dapena pointed out, in Puertos del Estado the figures are balanced since there are 69 men (50%) and 68 women (50%).

Therefore, “we continue working to promote an environment that not only supports equal opportunities, but also facilitates work and family reconciliation. These actions are essential to build a port system that is leader in efficiency and competitiveness, but also in fair and equitable labor practices”, says the President of Puertos del Estado.

“It is imperative that we continue to move forward on this path, not only to meet our strategic goals, but also to ensure that Spanish ports are role models in terms of inclusion and diversity, that they are in all areas ports by and for people”, said Rodriguez Dapena.

Management Positions

Within the port context more closely tied to the administration and management of port authorities, two notes that highlight how the path has begun, but there is still a long way to go.

The first: the Spanish port system has 28 port authorities (PA), but only four of them are presided by women (Rosario Soto, President of the Almeria PA; Teófila Martínez, President of the Bay of Cadiz PA; Beatriz Calzada, President of the Las Palmas PA and Mar Chao, President of the Valencia PA).
And the second: of the 28 port authorities, only two include women in their organizational charts at the head of the management areas. These are the Port Authority of Vigo, whose director is Beatriz Colunga, and the Port Authority of Vilagarcía de Arousa, whose director is Begoña Mesejo.

“When these are positions of free designation or by appointment, as is the case of the presidencies, we have to make an effort from the public administration to take advantage of the opportunity to visualize the female presence in positions of responsibility such as these; and when these are positions with public convocations, we have to have the capacity to make them attractive enough to attract female talent”, recognizes Teófila Martínez, President of the Port Authority of the Bay of Cadiz and of RETE.

Teófila Martínez, President of the Port Authority of the Bay of Cadiz and RETE. (Photo: Port Authority of the Bay of Cadiz).

Dissemination and information is essential, she points out, so that it becomes a real alternative, especially in vocational training centers and universities. “We are making an important effort to hold forums on the role of women in the cruise industry and in the industry in general, and we are finding that a significant number of women are participating”, says Martínez.

Searching for the Spotlight

Rosana Velasco, President of WISTA Spain, the national branch of WISTA International (Women’s International Shipping & Trading Association), adds to the analysis, recalling that the visibility of women, especially in management positions, is still low. “The port industry, in general, continues to be a world with a predominantly male presence, which is evident both in high-level meetings, where it is difficult to find more than one woman, and, above all, in dissemination forums (conferences, forums, round tables, etc.) and in the news. Female experts are not sought after, and they do exist! It is true that there are fewer of them and that more work must be done to find them, but they do exist”, insists Velasco.

Given this scenario, “can the industry continue to afford to miss out on female professional talent, which is currently underutilized? The answer is no. Social development, in education, and in new technologies and industrial development, help a lot, as well as the strong demand for workforce and professionals that the branch has, but it is still not enough for us to say that we are on equal terms”, confirms the President of WISTA.

“We should work to ensure that women have the same opportunities, promoting equity and, at the same time, the efficiency of our economy”, says Velasco, “I am a fan of mixed teams, the combination of talents and skills in teams formed by men and women shows that they give better results; and this translates into an improvement at the management and company level, and in the end, has a positive impact on our society”.

Rosana Velasco, President of WISTA – Women’s International Shipping & Trading Association, Spain. (Photo: WISTA).

At the Docks

On the other hand, according to data to which the confederated union Coordinadora Estatal de Trabajadores del Mar has access, port stevedoring in Spain has, in 2024, 719 women, a figure that represents 9.5% of the total number of stevedoring professionals in the ports. With respect to 2017, the presence of female stevedores has increased by 4 points, since at that time it was 5.5%. Currently, there are female stevedores in 19 ports of the State.

“Fortunately, the access of women to the industry has accelerated exponentially in recent years. The fact that most of the goods have been containerized and their handling is much more mechanized has facilitated this increase, although there are still many tasks with a significant physical burden, they are no longer 100% of the functions”, explains Laia Marimon, Head of the Equality Commission of Coordinadora Estatal de Trabajadores del Mar. In addition, Marimon recalls, “more and more Port Employment Centers have an Equality Plan negotiated with the Works Committee, these measures have surely encouraged more women to join this industry”.

Also, external factors that have occurred in the last 20 years, such as the change in the mentality about the role of women in society, the acceptance of equality between men and women or the increasing incorporation of women in the labor market, have facilitated the access of women in a branch as masculinized as the stevedoring. “It is worth highlighting the visibility that is being given to female stevedores, which helps other women to see the port and stevedoring as a job option”, acknowledges the Head of Coordinadora’s Equality Commission.

Laia Marimon, Head of the Equality Commission of Coordinadora Estatal de Trabajadores del Mar. (Photo: Coordinadora Estatal de Trabajadores del Mar).

There are no limits, but…

Rosana Velasco, President of WISTA Spain, is clear: “There are no limits to the roles that women can play in the maritime industry and with mutual support and the spirit of partnership we are stronger. By working together, we are promoting the path towards gender equality and making our professionalism more visible and determinant”. But there is no denying the reality that many professionals in the shipping industry experience.

Sometimes, “selection processes are neither transparent nor equal. Here, Human Resource departments have a lot of work to do. In addition, we find antiquated business organizations that do not give women the same opportunities or confidence and a masculinized culture where women may feel unsupported or insecure. In this sense, internal Equality Plans must be effective and with real follow-up. Women who reach management positions must be consolidated and the environment must give them the tools to do so”, she adds.

If this is not the case, if there continues to be more pressure on women and paralysis in professional growth, “we will lose talent”, warns the President of WISTA. “There is a lot of talk about training, access and promotion, but not about female talent leaving the sector. This is a loss we cannot afford. The reasons are varied, but we know that there are jobs of particular difficulty and/or dedication and/or risk, and also the sector works 24/7. These situations, if they are not properly managed from the point of view of equality, solidarity and conciliation, can lead to abandonment”, Velasco stresses.

For her part, Teófila Martínez, President of the Port Authority of the Bay of Cadiz and RETE, explains that she has no official data or studies on the matter. “There is no fixed picture of the situation of women in the maritime port industry. We have indications, there are initiatives launched by the particular interest and commitment of certain institutions, but there is no official data that analyzes the industry as a whole. In the particular case of the Port of the Bay of Cadiz we have launched the first Equality Plan, which has led to a previous study of the situation, where we have been able to verify that there is a greater incorporation of women to the port staff, also a greater presence of women in management positions, but we do not know how this evolution is in the port community nor have these data been compared with that of other ports”.

In the specific case of the APBC, the evolution of the presence of women in the Port Authority of the Bay of Cadiz has been positive in recent years, “although we do not know for sure how this incorporation has been in the companies of the sector”, recognizes Martinez. However, it must be mentioned that, in this Port, practically half of the staff corresponds to the Port Police, a particularly masculinized group “and that does not arouse the same interest when it comes to attracting female candidates as the rest of the positions”. In this sense, the aim of the Port is to give visibility to this part of the staff “to make it a job option for women, not only for men” and try to make it as attractive as possible, “so that women see it as an equally valid alternative to any other”.

More and more women have been joining all port professions. In the picture, Mª de los Ángeles Cardoso and Carmen Baturone, Port Police Officers of the Port Authority of the Bay of Cadiz. (Photo: Óscar Cárdenas, Port Authority of the Bay of Cadiz).

There are no barriers or discrimination when it comes to access, nor in the performance, since, being public announcements of employment, this possibility is completely eliminated, “however the problem is in how they see us. We have to ask ourselves why 80% of the people who apply for a position in the Port Police are men. The only way to tackle this lack of interest is, on the one hand, to publicize it and, on the other, to make it attractive not only from the economic point of view, but also from the point of view of conciliation, stability, etc. There are professions, such as healthcare, which are subject to the same shift system and do not have this level of masculinization, so I trust that dissemination will help us to overcome this lack of interest”, the President stresses.

Laia Marimon, Head of the Equality Commission of Coordinadora Estatal de Trabajadores del Mar, speaks along the same lines. “Today there is no barrier to access to the profession. Although surely the lack of knowledge of the port industry and the profession itself hinder women’s access. With good training and continuous learning, there shouldn’t be any major difficulty for any type of gender. Of course, the organization of working hours (conciliation) is something important, but it influences all of us equally when it comes to organizing our private life, and nowadays it is not a matter that discriminates between us”, she says.

Clearly, “the instability of working hours and the problems of reconciliation have always been a determining factor when evaluating the port as an option for the future. Women have always carried a heavier workload at home and with the care of family members, making it difficult for them to access the labor market, but not exclusively in stevedoring, but in any field where working hours are variable. Fortunately, this is changing and, thanks to the efforts of trade unions and collective labor negotiations, better options are being offered to reconcile work and family life, thus facilitating the organization of work and family life, and therefore also the incorporation of more women”, concludes the Head of the Coordinadora’s Equality Commission.

“Only if we are seen, we will be an inspiration to other women”

Asked about what can be done from entities such as RETE to promote the arrival of women in port environments, the President of the entity, Teófila Martínez, is clear: “Inform and transmit the passion that this sector inspires and give visibility to women who, little by little, are gradually becoming an important part of this branch and also encourage them to come out of anonymity. There are women who are doing very important work in research, in technology, in inspection, in training, in management, in navigation… and yet, out of modesty or because they do not consider it important, they do not take the step forward to achieve something else very important, which is to become an example for the women who come after them. Only if they see them, if they see us, will we be an inspiration for other women”.

Also, at RETE they are making an important effort to ensure that, as far as possible, there is equality not only in the representative entities, but also in the workshops they organize.

Meanwhile, the trade union Coordinadora Estatal de Trabajadores del Mar is working to attract more talent to port professions by focusing more on youth than gender. “However, the visualization of the profession is often the best way to attract talent in general and for this to draw closer to the port; to approach it as an option for the future, is the best way for this to happen”, says Laia Marimon, Head of the Equality Commission of Coordinadora Estatal de Trabajadores del Mar (State Coordination of Sea Workers).

WISTA Spain held its annual Assembly and Conference in Santander at the end of April under the title “Digitization of the logistics chain, from the beginning to the end of the journey”. (Photo: WISTA – Women’s International Shipping & Trading Association).

“Although fortunately there are more and more women interested in the industry, and already from a very young age encouraged by their families or environments, there are still traditional patterns to be corrected. We must prevent young women from being affected by stereotypes as they decide their professional future”, argues Rosana Velasco, President of WISTA Spain.

Moreover, faced with the shortage of female role models or references in the port business, Velasco proposes that all women working in the branch act as ambassadors, “helping to spread the word about the industry, training and supporting those who are interested and, above all, the young women who are joining the industry. In this sense, WISTA has created an international panel of expert women speakers and we want to do the same at the national level”.

Translation by Robert Hofman


HEAD IMAGE | Women working in the port area. From left to right: Adita Morenilla, patron of the pilot boat in the Port of Cádiz; Susana Bermúdez, the only stevedore in the port of Cádiz; Judit Soler, stevedore at the port of Barcelona; and Genoveva Ardana, inspector of the Maritime Captaincy in Cádiz. (Photos: Óscar Cárdenas – APBC and Coordinadora Estatal de Trabajadores del Mar).



Article reference for citation:

DOLZ, Loli. “The Visibility of Women in Spanish Ports Remains Low and Uneven”. PORTUS | Port-City Relationship and Urban Waterfront Redevelopment, 47 (June 2024). RETE Publisher, Venice. ISSN 2282-5789.
URL: https://portusonline.org/the-visibility-of-women-in-spanish-ports-remains-low-and-uneven/

DOLZ, Loli. “La visibilidad de las mujeres en los puertos españoles sigue siendo poca y desigual”. PORTUS | Port-City Relationship and Urban Waterfront Redevelopment, 47 (June 2024). RETE Publisher, Venice. ISSN 2282-5789.
URL: https://portusonline.org/the-visibility-of-women-in-spanish-ports-remains-low-and-uneven/



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