Stirring the Waters: The Role of Women Workers in Ports and in the Union Movement

10 Giugno, 2024

Il porto moderno è un ecosistema complesso che richiede una gamma diversificata di competenze per funzionare efficientemente. Le donne portano al tavolo una prospettiva e un insieme di competenze uniche, migliorando l’efficacia complessiva delle operazioni portuali.
Inoltre, i progressi tecnologici hanno aperto nuove opportunità per le donne nell’industria marittima. Dai terminali container automatizzati ai più sofisticati sistemi di tracciamento, la tecnologia sta giocando un ruolo cruciale nell’assicurare parità di condizioni e fornire le stesse opportunità a uomini e donne nelle operazioni portuali.

Ports serve as crucial nodes in the global supply chain, facilitating the movement of goods and commodities across continents. Historically portrayed as a male-dominated domain, the maritime industry is undergoing a transformative shift with the increasing presence of women in various roles within port and maritime operations. From steering vessels to lashing, managing logistics and overseeing administrative tasks, women are not merely breaking stereotypes but are emerging as indispensable contributors to the efficient functioning of ports worldwide.
Traditionally, ports have been viewed as rough and rugged environments, unsuitable for women. However, this outdated stereotype is being shattered as more women enter the field and showcase their capabilities. Whether it’s working as crane operators, dockworkers, or in administrative roles, women are proving that they have the skills, strength, and determination to excel in traditionally male-dominated industries.

The modern port is a complex ecosystem requiring a diverse range of skills to function efficiently. Women bring a unique perspective and skill set to the table, enhancing the overall effectiveness of port operations. Moreover, advancements in technology have opened up new opportunities for women in the maritime industry. From automated container terminals to sophisticated inventory tracking systems, technology is playing a crucial role in levelling the playing field and providing equal opportunities for men and women in port operations.

The European Transport Workers’ Federation (ETF) [1] has always been consistently engaged on these issues, and therefore expressed full support to the initiative held in Livorno in May 2023 “Women in the port and maritime sector, why not?” [2]. Under this slogan a significant project was launched aimed at highlighting the invaluable contributions of women in these traditionally male-dominated fields and at addressing gender disparities and foster inclusivity within the industry.

This occasion served as a gathering point for numerous experts and stakeholders to convene, discuss pertinent topics, exchange experiences, and propose strategies aimed at enhancing the representation of women in ports and maritime operations. This constructive dialogue not only stimulated collaborative efforts but also raised public awareness. Moreover, it entailed the exchange of best practices and the fostering of collaboration across European ports.

At the center of our efforts within ETF lies the sharing of best practices among our unions and workers across Europe. We firmly believe that sharing successful strategies and stories for including women in the port sector promotes diversity within the industry, leading to a more inclusive and representative workforce. We are strongly convinced that creating an inclusive environment where women workers feel valued and supported fosters higher morale and job satisfaction among all workers, leading to a more positive workplace culture.

The values of gender parity have long been central to the endeavors of the European Transport Workers’ Federation. Representing diverse sectors encompassing both freight and passenger transport, including ports, ETF has always ensured the inclusion of women’s voices. Each transport section within the ETF has a women’s representative, whose one of the main tasks is to act as a liaison between the work carried out in the sectors and the work conducted in the ETF Women’s Committee, consisting of women trade union representatives from our affiliated unions.

ETF, International day for the elimination of violence against women, 2023. (© European Transport Workers’ Federation – ETF).

Thanks to the ETF campaign “Making the Transport Sector Fit for Women to Work in” [3], a questionnaire was conducted among women workers in the transport sector. Over 3000 women were interviewed, and the survey revealed the following: substantial change is needed to make the transport sector more accommodating for women; it is crucial to improve working conditions for women workers; there is still much work to be done in terms of equal treatment, particularly in terms of wages; ensuring greater work-life balance is necessary; targeted interventions are required to ensure greater workplace safety, in particular against aggression and harassment.

The presence of women in the transport sector accounts for approximately 22% of the workforce (around 20% in the maritime and port sector). Transport therefore remains a predominantly male-dominated industry. Women tend to occupy customer-facing or administrative roles, often under flexible or part-time arrangements, and frequently work in mobile or isolated settings. However, their working and living conditions often remain subpar, with the COVID-19 pandemic exacerbating existing inequalities.

The ETF survey reveals that women transport workers still encounter the following barriers:

  • A dominant culture of masculinity and gender stereotypes
  • Discrimination and unequal treatment at work
  • Lack of work-life balance, and ‘the care trap’
  • Deficiencies in provision for women’s health and safety at work, including access to decent sanitary facilities
  • High levels of violence and harassment against women at the workplace

These barriers create a working environment that fails to attract women to the transport professions, fails to support women in doing their jobs well and fails to retain them in the sector. The questionnaire and the subsequent campaign were the means through which the ETF sought to demonstrate the current state of the sector on these issues and the actions to be taken, including: incorporating and disseminating at all levels within the European Union’s transport policies an approach that takes gender perspectives into account; strengthening social dialogue to eliminate discrimination and disparities; improving work-life balance; enhancing health and safety; ending violence and harassment against women in the workplace.

Speaking of safety, the issue of commuting safely to and from workplaces is equally important, considering that most jobs in the transport sector involve shifts, including night shifts. 63% of the women workers interviewed by ETF reported experiencing at least one safety deficiency, while the even more alarming figure of 26% did not report any incidents because harassment is considered part of everyday work life, including commuting to and from work. We strongly believe that commuting safely from home to workplaces should be a right for everyone and an obligation for policymakers, employers, and local communities. Therefore, ETF promotes a multilevel approach based on: proper risk assessment, monitoring of aggression and violence in the workplace, availability of safer alternatives in the absence of public transportation services for commuting, in collaboration with trade unions.

ETF campaign “Ratify ILO C190”, 2021. (© European Transport Workers’ Federation – ETF).

To this end, we believe it is crucial that all countries ratify the ILO Convention 190 on violence and harassment against women in the workplace [4]. The European Transport Workers’ Federation has been and continues to be actively engaged in promoting the ratification by European governments. The convention has so far been ratified by 39 countries worldwide, including in Europe: Italy, Belgium, Ireland, France, Greece, Spain.

In addition to providing a clear and comprehensive definition of violence and harassment, the convention recognizes such behaviors as violations of fundamental human rights and introduces an “extended” concept of the workplace, which includes: areas designated for breaks, facilities, changing rooms, training courses, and all virtual spaces. Finally, the convention introduces monitoring, reporting, and prevention mechanisms aimed at promoting a world of work free from aggression and violence.

On the left: ETF campaign on mutual respect, 2018. On the right: CEPA, BTB, ACV, ACLVB Port of Antwerp, 2018. (© European Transport Workers’ Federation – ETF).

In the context of improving working conditions for women within the port industry, the ETF has actively disseminated and advocated various best practices and initiatives implemented in some European ports, with the aim of being extended to other port realities across Europe.

An interesting example is the Port of Antwerp [5], Europe’s second-largest port after Rotterdam, that currently employs approximately 10,000 port workers, with an estimated 600 being women. Within this port, positive industrial relations with employers have facilitated significant progress in enhancing women’s inclusion and representation. The number of women port workers in the Port of Antwerp has remarkably increased in recent years, partly due to certain tasks becoming less physically demanding and owing to the adoption of containerized freight transport and the implementation of new technologies associated with automation and digitalization.

In concrete terms, among the main points of mobilization of the union, there has been the attainment of personal protective equipment that is more suitable for the needs of women workers, in the effort to address gender-specific needs in the workplace.

We all know how dangerous and hazardous port work can be. Therefore, safety must always be a priority. Personal protective equipment tailored for women, taking into account the diversity in physical structure compared to male colleagues, were not even considered until recently.

Nowadays, thanks to the unions, models of personal protective equipment for women are available throughout Europe, and this represents a very positive achievements for our women workers in ports. Let’s not forget that inclusion can also be made possible through small-big innovations.

What is happening in the workplace is also reflected in the trade union movement and vice-versa. One of the key strengths of the union movement lies in its ability to build solidarity among diverse groups of workers. Women play a crucial role in fostering this solidarity, bringing together workers from different backgrounds, industries, and demographics to fight for common goals. Through collective action and mutual support, women in unions are empowering themselves and their communities, amplifying their voices and advocating for meaningful change in the workplace and beyond.

The union movement is a driving force for advocating workers’ rights, fair wages, and improved working conditions. While historically dominated – again – by men, the landscape of the unions is evolving with the increasing participation and leadership of women. From organizing grassroots campaigns to negotiating collective bargaining agreements, women are playing a key role in determining the future of the labor movement at any level.

There is still much to be accomplished to enhance the inclusion of women in the port sector.
However, women workers, supported by the union movement, are stirring the waters in ports around the world, challenging stereotypes and driving positive change in the maritime industry. With their skills, expertise, and determination, they are proving that there are no limits to what women can achieve in traditionally male-dominated fields. As we navigate the waters of global trade and commerce, let us ensure that women have an equal seat at the table, shaping the future of ports for generations to come, reaffirming our commitment to equality, justice, and solidarity for all workers.


HEAD IMAGE | ETF, CEPA OCHA training center, Port of Antwerp, 2023. (© ETF – European Transport Workers’ Federation).


NOTES

[1] Pan-European trade union organization comprising transport unions from the European Union, the European Economic Area and Central and Eastern European countries. Founded in 1999, today it represents more than 5 million transport workers from more than 200 transport unions and 38 European countries in the following sectors: Civil Aviation, Fisheries, Inland Waterways, Logistics, Maritime Transport, Ports, Rail Transport, Road Transport and Urban Public Transport.
[2] https://www.etf-europe.org/women-in-the-port-and-maritime-sector-why-not/.
[3] https://www.etf-europe.org/activity/yes-more-women-in-transport-make-transport-fit-for-women-to-work-in/.
[4] https://www.etf-europe.org/milestone-ilo-convention-190-comes-into-force/.
[5] https://www.abvv.be/de-nieuwe-werker-nr-15-2018/.



Article reference for citation:

TOMMASI, Berardina. “Stirring the Waters: The Role of Women Workers in Ports and in the Union Movement”. PORTUS | Port-City Relationship and Urban Waterfront Redevelopment, 47 (June 2024). RETE Publisher, Venice. ISSN 2282-5789.
URL: https://portusonline.org/stirring-the-waters-the-role-of-women-workers-in-ports-and-in-the-union-movement/

TOMMASI, Berardina. “Smuoviamo le acque: il ruolo delle lavoratrici nei porti e nel movimiento sindacale”. PORTUS | Port-City Relationship and Urban Waterfront Redevelopment, 47 (June 2024). RETE Publisher, Venice. ISSN 2282-5789.
URL: https://portusonline.org/stirring-the-waters-the-role-of-women-workers-in-ports-and-in-the-union-movement/



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