The Third Port Space: Digitalization and Liminality in Mediterranean Cities

29 Maggio, 2025

Introduction: The Liminal Condition of Contemporary Port Space

Mediterranean port cities have historically functioned as liminal spaces par excellence: thresholds between sea and land, the local and the global, the industrial and the urban. This interstitial condition, far from representing an anomaly in urban order, constitutes its defining characteristic. The emergence of digital technologies does not eliminate this fundamental liminality but rather adds new layers of complexity, creating what we might term “augmented liminalities,” where transitions occur not merely between traditional spatial categories, but also between the material and the informational, the present and the virtual.

This analysis draws upon theoretical reflection combined with observations conducted during a cruise navigation experience through Mediterranean ports, where the cruise ship itself emerged as a paradigmatic space of the hybridizations theorized herein: a hypermediated environment where passengers of multiple nationalities navigate simultaneously through physical and digital spaces, experiencing ports from the peculiar liminal position of the tourist-in-transit. The research thus combines theoretical analysis with mobile ethnography, leveraging the cruise ship’s condition as a ‘floating observatory’ that enables the experience of Mediterranean port spaces’ seriality—a consistently liminal position.

From the perspective of urban sociology, this phenomenon raises fundamental questions: How is space socially produced in contexts where the physical and digital are inextricably intertwined? What new forms of sociability emerge in these hybrid environments? How are power relations and collective identities reconfigured in spaces that operate simultaneously across multiple registers of reality?

Theoretical Framework: From Social Space to Hybrid Space

Liminality and Third Space

Drawing from Lefebvre’s (1974) conceptual triad—perceived, conceived, and lived space—contemporary port spaces can be analyzed as products of social practices operating simultaneously in physical and digital registers. Spatial practices (perceived space) are no longer limited to physical movements of people and goods but include data flows, digitally mediated interactions, and virtual navigations superimposed upon material territories.

The space conceived by planners and port authorities now incorporates algorithmic models, digital simulations, and data-driven representations that reconfigure spatial power logics. As Bourdieu (1989) notes, social space functions as a field where different forms of capital are distributed; in hybrid ports, digital capital emerges as a new form of power that overlays and interweaves with traditional economic and cultural capitals.

Liminality and Third Space

The concept of liminality, developed by Turner (1969) to describe phases of ritual transition, acquires new theoretical relevance for understanding urban spaces that exist permanently in thresholds. Digitalized ports do not transit toward new stable states but rather maintain a perpetual liminal condition where dichotomous categories (physical/digital, local/global, public/private) remain deliberately diffuse.

This condition converges with Soja’s (1996) notion of “third space”: a space that transcends binary oppositions to create new possibilities for experience and signification. Hybrid port spaces function as paradigmatic manifestations of this third space, where the “real” and “virtual” do not constitute separate domains but rather intertwined dimensions of the same socio-spatial reality.

Hybrid Spaces and Urban Sociability

De Souza e Silva (2006) conceptualizes “hybrid spaces” as environments where boundaries between physical and digital spaces dissolve through mobile technologies and ubiquitous interfaces. In the port context, this hybridization represents not mere technical superimposition but a fundamental transformation of the conditions of possibility for social interaction.

The “connected presence” described by Licoppe (2004)—forms of co-presence that transcend physical proximity—acquires specific characteristics in port spaces, where workers, residents, tourists, and automated systems share a common environment yet experience radically different realities according to digital access and competence. Here, Castells’s (2010) concept of “spaces of flows” materializes in infrastructures that privilege mobility over place, reconfiguring traditional conditions of urban encounter.

The cruise ship itself constitutes an extreme case of hybrid space: satellites provide constant connectivity, applications mediate every aspect of experience, while the vessel maintains its inescapable materiality navigating between ports. This “floating city” exemplifies the post-urban condition where temporary communities form and dissolve in weekly cycles, generating ephemeral yet intense forms of sociability mediated by algorithms that determine everything from dining table assignments to shore excursion groupings.

Aboard the MSC Orchestra (MSC Cruises S.A.), the theater emerged as a microcosm of these hybridizations: a space where international-level productions—evoking Cirque du Soleil aesthetics and contemporary pop choreographies—were presented in a floating non-place before multilingual audiences temporarily united by the shared travel experience.

This ‘cultural bubble’ exemplifies what Augé (1992) would term a non-place par excellence, yet paradoxically charged with affective intensity and ephemeral collective memory. The phenomenological experience of watching port cities emerge in Mediterranean mornings—that gradual materialization from marine mist—constituted in itself a liminal moment, where anticipation of urban encounter intertwined with the security of floating refuge.

Toward a Theory of Permanent Digital Liminality

Digital liminality in port spaces presents characteristics that fundamentally distinguish it from classical ritual liminality as described by Turner (1969). While rites of passage imply temporal transitions between defined social states, port digital liminality constitutes a permanent condition without anticipated resolution. This is not about a port that “will become” digital, but rather spaces that exist perpetually at the threshold between materiality and information.

This permanent liminality generates what we might term “algorithmic rituals”: repetitive sequences of human-machine interaction that structure spatial experience. For instance, QR code scanning for port access, biometric validation, app consultation for service location constitute micro-rituals that, unlike traditional rites of passage, do not lead to definitive transformation but rather maintain subjects in a perpetual state of transition.

Moreover, while Turnerian anti-structure represents a moment of social hierarchy suspension, digital port spaces generate “algorithmic anti-structure,” where traditional hierarchies are simultaneously dissolved and reconfigured according to computational logics. The CEO and stevedore may use the same port app, but algorithms assign them different levels of access, visibility, and agency, creating new stratifications operating under an appearance of digital horizontality.

Port of Marseille: Hybridization Between Historical Heritage and Contemporary Architecture. The MuCem and Fort Saint-Jean illustrate how Mediterranean port spaces function as “third spaces” that transcend binary oppositions between past and present, creating new possibilities for urban experience.

The Reconfiguration of Port Sociability

New Forms of Urban Encounter and Dis-encounter

Hybrid port spaces generate what we might term “liminal sociabilities”: forms of interaction operating in interstices between established social categories. Port automation in Barcelona, for example, does not simply replace human labor with digital systems but creates zones of indetermination where humans and algorithms co-produce space through forms of distributed agency.

In Genoa, the disembarkation experience revealed how cruise passengers are channeled through digitally mediated corridors that optimize flows while minimizing encounters with local urban fabric. Passenger management systems, biometric readers, and digital signage create an “experiential tunnel” connecting ship to tourist buses, avoiding frictions with quotidian port life. This spatial segregation, legitimized by efficiency and security discourses, evidences how digitalization can deepen separations between “legitimate” and “illegitimate” users of port space.

These transformations evoke Simmel’s (1903) reflections on metropolitan mental life, yet with additional complexity: sensory overstimulation experience no longer derives solely from urban physical density but from constant superimposition of informational layers upon material environment. Metropolitan “blasé attitude” is reconfigured as a form of selective navigation between multiple reality registers.

Phenomenology of Arrival: Port Sensorial Materialities

The MSC Orchestra’s itinerary—departing Barcelona at 28 knots bound for Ibiza, subsequently Cagliari, Rome (Civitavecchia), Genoa, Marseille, and returning to Barcelona—revealed how each Mediterranean port maintains what we might term a distinctive “sensorial signature,” even in contexts of increasing digital homogenization. This phenomenological identity resides not only in monuments or urban layouts but in subtler material qualities: the specific color of walls (Cagliari’s warm ochre versus Genoa’s stony gray), particular garden luxuriance (Ibiza’s palm trees contrasting with Marseille’s maritime pines), vertical infrastructures mediating ascent from port to city (Genoa’s Art Nouveau elevators, Barcelona’s Montjuïc escalators), and especially each port’s distinctive aroma—a unique mixture of marine salt, naval fuel, local spices, and Mediterranean vegetation.

Marseille: An Urban Palimpsest Where Multiple Temporalities Coexist Without Synthesis. The panoramic view from the Cathédrale de la Major toward the contemporary skyline highlights the permanent liminal condition of Mediterranean port cities, where transformation does not resolve tensions but keeps them productively open.

These sensorial qualities constitute what Merleau-Ponty (1945) would term the specific “being-in-the-world” of each port, a pre-reflective dimension of urban experience persisting beneath digital mediation layers. However, technological hybridization reconfigures even these apparently immediate experiences: “augmented olfactory reality” applications promise to recreate lost historical aromas, while Instagram filters homogenize diverse cities’ chromatic palettes into generic Mediterranean aesthetics. Sensorial liminality thus emerges as a tension field between each place’s irreducible material specificity and digital forces of abstraction and homogenization.

Genova: Sensorial Materialities of the Mediterranean Port. The intimate scale of the fishing port illustrates what the article calls the “distinctive sensory signature” of each port—irreducible material qualities that persist beneath layers of digital mediation and global homogenization.

Imagined and Territorialized Communities

Traditional port communities, anchored in specific trades and territorial proximity, transform into what we might conceptualize as “hybrid communities”: collectives maintaining territorial bonds while increasingly mediating interactions through digital platforms. In Marseille, Facebook groups dedicated to port memory congregate geographically dispersed former workers, creating forms of “communitas” (Turner, 1969) that transcend spatial limitations without losing symbolic territorial anchoring.

This reconfiguration poses sociological paradoxes: can forms of mechanical solidarity (Durkheim, 2013) be maintained in digitally mediated contexts? As Durkheim (2013) notes, mechanical solidarity is based on similarity and proximity of individuals within traditional societies, where social cohesion emerges from shared experiences and direct territorial bonds. The studied cases suggest emergences of hybrid solidarity forms combining physical proximity and digital affinity elements, creating new social cohesion modalities that classical sociological theory did not anticipate.

The Politics of Port Data: New Geographies of Power

Port digitalization is not politically neutral. Data generated by sensors, cameras, and IoT devices constitute a new form of capital that reconfigures power relations in urban-port space. Port authorities, in alliance with global technology corporations, control data infrastructures granting them unprecedented capacities for spatial monitoring, prediction, and control.

In Barcelona, the “Port Community System” platform centralizes information from over 400 companies, creating what Zuboff (2019) would term port “surveillance capitalism.” This system optimizes logistical flows while generating informational asymmetries: port authorities and their technological partners accumulate granular knowledge about movement patterns, behaviors, and preferences, while workers and local residents remain as data-represented subjects without reciprocal access to this information.

Genova: Spatial Tension Between Global Logistics Infrastructure and Local Urban Fabric. The port cranes rising above the historic city embody the contradictions of spaces that operate simultaneously as nodes of global flows and places of everyday life.

Digital gentrification of waterfronts represents another crucial political dimension. In Marseille, the Euroméditerranée project has transformed former working-class port neighborhoods into “innovation districts” oriented toward technological startups. This transformation is not merely physical but profoundly digital: high-speed 5G networks, virtual reality co-working spaces, and app-mediated urban services create an optimized environment for knowledge workers while displacing traditional communities lacking necessary digital capital to inhabit these new hybrid spaces.

Labor struggles also reconfigure in this context. Port unions, historically powerful, face the challenge of organizing resistance in spaces where automation dilutes traditional worker concentration. In Genoa, workers have responded by developing their own “counter-apps” that monitor working conditions and coordinate collective actions, exemplifying how digital liminality can be appropriated for emancipatory purposes.

Memoria colectiva y transformación territorial

The Digitalization of Urban Memory

Halbwachs (1950) emphasized space’s fundamental role in collective memory construction. In digital hybridization contexts, this relationship complexifies: memory’s “spatial frameworks” are no longer solely physical places but augmented environments with temporal layers superimposed through digital devices.

Projects like “Memòria Portuària Digital” in Barcelona illustrate this transformation: QR codes distributed throughout urban space enable access to former port workers’ testimonies, creating what we might term “augmented memory places” where collective remembrance activates through digital interfaces. This modality transforms remembrance phenomenology: no longer merely evoking past from present, but experiencing temporal simultaneities technologically mediated.

Digital Patrimonialization and Memory Conflicts

Port heritage digitalization is not a neutral process but a field of symbolic struggles where different actors compete to impose specific narratives about these spaces’ past and future. Port authorities promote modernizing visions emphasizing efficiency and innovation, while local communities utilize the same technologies to preserve alternative “moral economies” prioritizing community values over mercantile logics.

This dialectic evidences that collective memory in hybrid spaces is not simply “preserved” or “transmitted” but actively reconstructed through negotiations between actors with unequal digital capitals. The capacity to produce, circulate, and legitimize digital representations of the past emerges as a new form of symbolic power in the contemporary city.

Theoretical Implications for Urban Sociology

Theoretical Dialogue: Turner, Soja, and Lefebvre in the Digital Port

The convergence of theoretical perspectives in digitalized port analysis reveals unexpected synergies. Turner’s “anti-structure” finds contemporary expression in algorithms that dissolve traditional hierarchies while imposing new ones. Soja’s (1996) “third space” materializes in interfaces that are neither purely physical nor digital but something qualitatively distinct. Lefebvre’s spatial triad complexifies when perceived space includes augmented realities, conceived space incorporates algorithmic models, and lived space experiences itself through digital mediations.

These theoretical dialogues suggest that digital liminality is not simply an application of classical concepts to new contexts but a condition demanding fundamental rethinking of urban sociological analysis categories. Turnerian “communitas,” for instance, emerges in digital port spaces not as spontaneous solidarity among equals but as algorithmically mediated connections between data-represented subjects sharing protocols rather than experiences.

Toward a Sociology of Permanent Liminal Spaces

Hybrid port spaces challenge fundamental categories of urban sociology, demanding theoretical developments that recognize liminality not as exception but as a paradigmatic condition of contemporary urbanity. Binary concepts like public/private, inclusion/exclusion, presence/absence require reformulations that capture productive ambiguities of spaces existing within permanent thresholds.

This condition resonates with Bauman’s (2000) “liquid modernity,” yet with crucial nuances. While Bauman diagnosed the dissolution of solid structures into elusive flows generating anxiety and ontological insecurity, port digital liminality suggests something different: not structure’s absence but the emergence of paradoxical structures maintaining fluidity without dissolving into it.

This condition also resonates with what Castells (2010) identifies as the informational paradigm, where network logic replaces place logic, generating urban spaces operating simultaneously across multiple temporal and geographical scales. Port algorithms, navigation interfaces, digital security protocols constitute what we might term “crystallized liquid structures”—sufficiently rigid to organize flows, sufficiently fluid to adapt constantly.

A “liminal sociology” would recognize that contemporary cities increasingly operate in indetermination zones where apparently stable categories destabilize and recombine constantly. This perspective does not imply abandoning structural and determination analysis but recognizing their fluid and contested character. Permanent liminality generates its own structures—protocols, interfaces, algorithms—that organize indetermination without resolving it, creating what, paraphrasing Bauman, we might call “liquid solidity”: organizational forms maintaining coherence precisely through their capacity for continuous transformation.

Rethinking Agency in Hybrid Contexts

Digital hybridization poses fundamental challenges to humanist conceptions of social agency. In automated port spaces, social action emerges from assemblages including humans, algorithms, sensors, and data in variable configurations. This requires post-humanist theoretical frameworks recognizing distributed agency forms without dissolving human experience and responsibility specificity.

The Barcelona case illustrates this distributed agency paradigmatically. In Port Vell, when a tourist uses digital information panels to navigate from Barceloneta toward Las Ramblas, their route “decision” emerges from a complex assemblage: algorithms calculating optimal pedestrian flows, sensors detecting agglomerations, databases recording historical patterns, interfaces presenting preselected options, and finally human choice among algorithmically curated alternatives.

Agency resides neither in the autonomous individual nor the technical system but in contingent interaction between both. Barrio Gótico residents who must traverse these digitally mediated zones to access the port develop what we might call “hybrid navigation tactics”: embodied knowledge of medieval alleys combined with strategic app consultations to avoid tourist masses, creating trajectories that are simultaneously resistance to and complicity with digital space management systems.

New Methodologies for Hybrid Spaces

Hybrid space study demands methodological innovations integrating physical and digital practice analysis. Digital ethnographies, spatial data analysis, augmented participatory cartographies, and experimental visual methods emerge as necessary tools for capturing spatialities’ complexity that transcend traditional ontological domains.

Mobile ethnography, experienced during this research aboard the Mediterranean cruise, revealed unexpected dimensions of the studied phenomenon. The researcher, navigating between ports while analyzing navigation itself as hybrid social practice, occupies a privileged epistemological position: simultaneously within and outside the phenomenon, experiencing liminality while theorizing it. This methodological reflexivity is not mere coincidence but logical consequence of studying spaces challenging clear separations between observer and observed, subject and object.

Systematic photographic documentation of port-city interfaces at each scale enabled capturing spatial liminality visuals: port cranes framing historical bell towers, cruise passengers navigating between containers and cafés, digital signage superimposed on medieval architecture. These images function not as mere illustrations but as visual data revealing juxtapositions and tensions constitutive of hybrid port spaces.

In Marseille, one photograph captured this hybridization’s essence: tourists consulting smartphones while walking along eighteenth-century docks, with LED screens announcing ferry schedules reflected in waters where Phoenician galleys once moored.

Disembarkation Ethnography: Genoa as Paradigmatic Case

The Morning of Arrival: Phenomenology of Transition

At 7:23 on an April morning, the MSC Orchestra approaches Genoa port. From deck 12, the city gradually emerges from Mediterranean mist: first, the Lanterna, the medieval lighthouse digitalized with air quality monitoring sensors; then, the fragmented skyline where port cranes dialogue with baroque bell towers; finally, the complex network of Porto Antico, where Renzo Piano attempted to suture the historical wound between city and port.

Passengers, still drowsy, consult smartphones where the cruise app has automatically updated port information: interactive maps, excursion offers, geolocated security warnings. In the dining room, screens display docking progress while multilingual staff (including many Hondurans) prepare the final buffet breakfast coffees.

This quotidian scene condenses multiple digital liminality dimensions: physical bodies in transit between cruise non-place and Genoa’s specific place, mediated by interfaces promising orientation while generating new disorientations.

The Disembarkation Ritual: Algorithmic Choreographies

The night before disembarkation, passengers receive excursion tickets in their cabins, indicating assigned meeting hall and corresponding group number. This anticipated distribution—numerical system organizing 2,500 bodies according to logistical optimization criteria—prefigures the following day’s choreography. Each passenger set, identified by number, abandons ship following their designated local guide, who will conduct them toward buses and programmed urban tours. This numerical taxonomy materializes spatio-temporal organization transforming cruise passenger masses into manageable units of tourist consumption.

In the terminal, a socio-technical assemblage processes human flow: biometric scanners verify identities while unusually tall security guards maintain order; LED screens in six languages direct toward exits; WiFi-equipped buses wait ordered according to algorithms calculating optimal routes considering real-time traffic and tourist attraction opening hours.

The Augmented City: Navigating Hybrid Genoa

Once in the city, cruise passengers disperse following predictable patterns yet individually experienced as free choices. Many activate the “Genova Smart Walk” app superimposing historical layers upon current landscape: pointing smartphones toward Palazzo San Giorgio, they see 3D projections of how it appeared when Marco Polo was imprisoned there. This augmented reality generates hybrid temporal experience where past and present coexist in the 5-inch screen.

But the city resists complete digitalization. In the caruggi—medieval center’s historic alleys—GPS fails; signals are lost among five-century walls. Here, navigation returns to corporal, sensorial: focaccia aroma guides toward hidden bakeries, Genoese dialect sounds mark local territories impermeable to digital tourism. Some cruise passengers, disoriented without digital prostheses, experience moments of spatial panic; others discover in this disorientation an opening toward unprogrammed encounters.

Intersections and Frictions: When Worlds Collide

On Via del Campo, immortalized by Fabrizio De André, one of those revelatory friction moments occurs. German tourists photograph a local religious procession with smartphones while participants—neighborhood residents—carry a baroque virgin. Images, instantly uploaded to Instagram with #authenticgenova hashtags, circulate globally as the procession advances through streets where halal kebab shops, surviving Genoese artisan workshops, and new co-working spaces coexist.

An elderly Genoese observes from his balcony. For him, these digital tourists represent the latest wave of transformation beginning with port containerization in the 70s, continuing with Piano’s Olympic renovation in the 90s, and now culminating with this digitalization converting his neighborhood into an Instagrammable scenario. His granddaughter, a design student, works precisely creating “user experiences” for tourist apps, professionally navigating between digital preservation of local memory and global market demands.

The Return: Data and Memories

At 4:30 PM, port systems begin orchestrating return. Push notifications remind stragglers that boarding closes at 5:30 PM. Buses converge from different city points with routes optimized to avoid rush hour traffic. In the terminal, the same socio-technical assemblage now processes inverse flow while credit cards register final purchases and smartphones capture final selfies.

Back on the MSC Orchestra, as Genoa fades in Mediterranean twilight, the day’s data processes across multiple servers: aggregated movement patterns to optimize future tours, analyzed consumption preferences to personalize offers, uploaded photographs feeding the city’s global tourist imaginary. Passengers, exhausted, review their images attempting to fix memories already beginning to blend with those of other ports.

This Genoa journey illustrates port digital liminality complexity: spaces where multiple temporalities, identities, and logics superimpose without possible synthesis, generating urban experiences simultaneously hyperconnected and profoundly fragmented, globally standardized and irreducibly local, digitally mediated yet corporeally and sensorially lived.

Conclusions: Toward a Liminal Urbanism

Principles for Planning that Embraces Ambiguity

Preceding analyses suggest the need to radically rethink urban-port planning paradigms. “Liminal urbanism” would recognize these spaces’ permanently transitory condition, developing instruments that do not seek to resolve ambiguities but productively potentiate them. This would imply:

  1. Adaptive protocols rather than rigid master plans: Recognizing that digital technologies evolve more rapidly than physical infrastructures. Planning must incorporate continuous updating mechanisms enabling use reconfiguration without major material transformations.
  • Hybrid and Experimental Governance: Creating “liminal experimentation zones” where new forms of public-private-community management can be tested, recognizing that traditional port authority models prove inadequate for spaces operating simultaneously as logistical infrastructures, public spaces, and digital platforms.
  • Translation infrastructures: Designing physical and digital interfaces facilitating navigation between different spatial logics (tourist, logistical, residential) without imposing rigid hierarchies. This would include multimodal signage, graduated transition spaces, and negotiated coexistence negotiated protocols.
  • Active preservation of indetermination zones: Resisting the temptation to completely digitalize and codify port space, maintaining areas where ambiguity and unprogrammed encounter remain possible. Genoa’s caruggi (where GPS sometimes fails) represent valuable urban resources, not problems to solve.
The Liminal Future: Permanence in the Threshold

Transformations analyzed in Barcelona, Marseille, Genoa, and other Mediterranean ports do not represent a transitory phase toward new stable equilibrium but rather the emergence of permanently liminal urban condition. Twenty-first-century port cities will exist indefinitely at the threshold between multiple states: physical and digital, local and global, industrial and post-industrial, authentic and performative.

This permanent liminality poses fundamental challenges, but also unique opportunities. If Rinio Bruttomesso, founder of RETE, had accompanied me on this visit, he would probably agree with me that at the Porto Antico, the true innovation is not in resolving the port-city tension, but in keeping it productively open. Likewise, if I had observed alongside Olivier Lemaire, Founder of AIVP, the digital transformations of Marseille, I believe he would agree with me that they do not cause a rupture with the port’s past, but rather add a new layer to the Mediterranean palimpsest.

Urban sociology must develop theoretical and methodological frameworks capable of capturing these complexities without reducing them. The concepts of digital liminality, port third space, and algorithmic anti-structure proposed in this article represent preliminary attempts in this direction. Yet theoretical work must accompany political and practical imagination: how to construct just cities under permanent ambiguity conditions? How to guarantee the right to the city when the city itself becomes liquid, multiple, algorithmically mediated?

Mediterranean port cities, in their millennial condition as interfaces between worlds, teach us that inhabiting the threshold is not a transitory condition to overcome but an art to cultivate. In the digital era, this art acquires new demands and possibilities. Hybrid port spaces are not anomalies in an ordered world but laboratories where urban future is rehearsed. A future that will be, inevitably, liminal.

Final Reflection: The Researcher in the Threshold

Concluding this analysis requires recognizing the researcher’s own liminal position. Navigating between ports aboard the MSC Orchestra with my wife, observing liminality while experiencing it, we occupied an epistemic position replicating the studied object’s ambiguities.

Shared experience enriched observation: two gazes converging and diverging upon the same spaces, dialogues refining interpretations, the complicity of discovering together each port’s sensorial materialities. This intersubjective research dimension—where knowledge emerges not only from individual observation but from dialogue and shared experience—reflects the inherently social nature of studied spaces.

This is not methodological limitation but condition of possibility: only from the threshold can threshold spaces be fully comprehended, and liminality reveals itself most vividly when transited accompanied. Twenty-first-century urban sociology must assume this condition, developing knowledge forms as hybrid and fluid as the spaces it seeks to understand. Between theoretical rigor and sensorial experience, between critical analysis and propositional imagination, between solitary observation and shared dialogue, emerges a third space of urban knowledge. A space as liminal as the ports it studies and as full of possibilities.

Ibiza: The MSC Orchestra as a “Floating Observatory” and a Paradigmatic Space of Digital Liminality. The cruise ship anchored in the bay represents the hyper-mediated non-place from which the ethnographic methodology of this study was developed, exemplifying the permanently transitory nature of contemporary hybrid spaces.


HEAD IMAGE | View of the modernized Belize port in the Central American Caribbean. (© Roger Ríos Duarte, 2025).


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Article reference for citation:

RÍOS DUARTE, Roger Humberto. “The Third Port Space: Digitalization and Liminality in Mediterranean Cities”. PORTUS | Port-City Relationship and Urban Waterfront Redevelopment, 49 (June 2025). RETE Publisher, Venice. ISSN 2282-5789.
URL: https://portusonline.org/the-third-port-space-digitalization-and-liminality-in-mediterranean-cities/

RÍOS DUARTE, Roger Humberto. “El tercer espacio portuario: Digitalización y liminalidad en ciudades mediterráneas”. PORTUS | Port-City Relationship and Urban Waterfront Redevelopment, 49 (June 2025). RETE Publisher, Venice. ISSN 2282-5789.
URL: https://portusonline.org/the-third-port-space-digitalization-and-liminality-in-mediterranean-cities/



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