Planning the Waterfront: Thirty Years of Port–City Integration in Málaga

22 Dicembre, 2025

Offering a narrated reading of the recent integration of the Port of Málaga into the city is no simple task. The port–city relationship is, by definition, a web of unstable balances between logistical efficiency, urban quality and environmental sustainability. In Málaga, this dialogue also unfolds in a particularly sensitive setting: a historic port embedded in the metropolitan core, wedged between the Guadalmedina River, the slopes of Gibralfaro, and an already consolidated seafront.To understand its scope, it is helpful to situate the paradigm shift introduced by the 1983 General Urban Development Plan (PGOU): from that point on, the port precinct ceased to be conceived as an autonomous realm and came to be considered an inseparable component of the urban structure, with explicit objectives of landscape, environmental and functional compatibility and the mandate for a Special Plan capable of translating that turn into operational determinations.

The Port of Málaga around 1750. Plan of the Plaza of Málaga. Military engineers. (Source: Ministry of Defence. Army Geographic Centre).

This text synthesises the process by which port–city integration materialised over recent decades—plans, competitions, works and inter‑administrative agreements—and assesses its effects across three interdependent planes: public space (continuities, access, landscape quality), mobility (management of tourist and logistics flows, road hierarchy, intermodality) and port operations (seaward expansion, use compatibilities, safety and efficiency). To that assessment it adds a qualitative view of the symbolic and identity dimension of the transformations, mindful that integration is not exhausted by opening the quays but also entails integrating the port’s narrative into the city’s everyday life.

It does not aspire to exhaustiveness—this would require a monographic study with specific surveys, data series and detailed impact evaluation—but rather to a reasoned synthesis, supported by the available documentation and the accumulated experience of projects and public debate. On that basis, the text proposes reading criteria for a general audience not necessarily expert in port and urban management. It is therefore presented as a personal reflection that seeks to extract a number of key insights from the process while setting out the main challenges that the Port of Málaga must still face to achieve full integration into the city over the next decade.

The Paradigm Shift (1983–2000): First Steps Towards Opening to the City

In 1983, after decades without a planning instrument to guide the city’s development, the General Urban Development Plan decided to regard the port as yet another piece of the city’s structure. It introduced concrete goals such as the necessary physical and visual connection between the quays and the rest of the city, with a view to improving accessibility and ordering the port boundaries. These objectives were to be developed by a Special Plan, which was to articulate compatibility with civic use without undermining maritime operations. It was the starting point of a long process, with its ups and downs, that remains under review and evolving to this day.

The Port of Málaga in the 1983 General Urban Development Plan. (Source: Málaga City Council).

The first attempts to reconfigure Piers 1 and 2 took shape in 1988, with an initial proposal commissioned by the Port Authority, which was rejected by the City Council owing to the excessive development capacity and the building heights envisaged so close to the Historic Centre. Far from cooling the debate, this first initiative paved the way for new proposals, including from the City Council itself. In 1991, both institutions jointly commissioned the Initial Draft of the Special Plan which, for the first time, brought together in a single document two complementary vectors: on the one hand, the technical expansion of the port (extension of the Levante breakwater, a passenger terminal and a container terminal); on the other, opening the waterfront to the city (connecting Pier 2 with the Park, creating a large square around La Farola lighthouse, and introducing permeability at Pier 4 by stitching it into the Ensanche Heredia grid). That dialectic—pushing seaward while opening landward—would guide many of the decisions taken over the following decades.

Proposal by Málaga City Council for port–city integration. Precursor to the 1991 Preliminary Special Plan. (Source: Málaga Municipal Urban Planning Authority).

The definitive approval of the Special Plan in 1998 marked a milestone, with significant adjustments relative to the Preliminary Draft. The tertiary tower envisaged at the “corner” of Quays 1–2 was removed; strategic land was reserved for the passenger terminal and, on the San Andrés platform, for a future auditorium; in exchange, commercial floor area on Quay 2 was increased, with the consequent reduction of the palm grove initially imagined. Administrative complexity compounded the technical challenges: the arrival of new regional competences slowed the immediate application of the Plan, and the launch of a concession for Quays 1 and 2—at odds with what had been approved—triggered a civic mobilisation that would ultimately put the operation back on track.

1998 Special Plan for the Port of Málaga. General Layout. (Source: Málaga Port Authority).

Breaking the Port’s Limits (2000–2025): Expansion Seaward and Opening Landward

Seaward, the extension of the Levante breakwater—projecting almost a kilometre into the Mediterranean—and Quay 9 configured an enlarged outer harbour basin of around 400,000 m². There, cruise ships berth to the east and container vessels operate to the west, an effective yet tense functional coexistence that stems from a port whose growth can only proceed towards the sea, with the urban coastline fully consolidated.

Landward, the transformation of the central quays changed citizens’ experience of the waterfront. Muelle 1 became a popular leisure‑and‑retail promenade, while Muelle 2—the Palmeral de las Sorpresas—contributed landscape quality, cultural facilities and a pedestrian corridor parallel to the Parque. At the same time, the partial removal of fencing and the new arrangement of crossings and places to linger returned the everydayness of the port to the people of Málaga: strolling among palm trees, looking out over the berths, pausing to watch a terminal operation or the passage of a pleasure craft.

Two milestones underpinned the shift in the actions carried out to date. First, Quay 2 was excluded from the concession, and in 2000 a competition aligned with the Plan was launched, with lower floor area and uses limited to culture, food and beverage, and the passenger terminal. From that process the Palmeral de las Sorpresas was born. Then, in 2004, a Protocol between the City Council and the Port Authority guaranteed the disappearance of above‑ground volumes on Quay 1 (save for a glass skylight), consolidated cultural allocations and specified the plot for the auditorium in San Andrés. The 2010 revision incorporated the Palmeral project—then under construction—and the agreed changes for Quay 1, preparing the leap from planning to works. Changes incorporated into the 2011 General Urban Development Plan.

The Port of Málaga in the 2011 General Urban Development Plan. (Source: Málaga City Council).

Not everything went as envisaged, however. On Quay 1, commercial logic diluted the impetus for the large square around La Farola and the desired continuous rooftop balcony‑promenade; on Quay 2, urban continuity was constrained by persisting fences and a level change that hampers the dialogue with Paseo de los Curas, only partially addressed by a ramp. To this was added the impact of tourist activity: the simultaneous arrival of several cruise ships multiplied circulation within the precinct, reinforcing the barrier effect between port operations and the new civic areas. At the metropolitan scale, rail uncertainties persisted, as did the inertia of a major east–west road parallel to the sea in the western sector, whose urban cross‑section continues to separate neighbourhoods from the shore. Despite the milestones, integration still had unfinished business with mobility.

Even so, opening the central quays represented a symbolic leap and restored the port’s everyday presence to the people of Málaga, who could now walk along the quays, look out over the berths, or observe up close ship manoeuvres and terminal operations. The installation of the Centre Pompidou Málaga in the reserved spaces of Quay 1 confirmed the port as a cultural extension of the historic centre, capable of attracting visitors while anchoring local routines. The megayacht marina and cruise terminals completed the outline of a mixed urban–port ecosystem, where commerce, leisure and logistics coexist with growing attention to environmental management and sustainable mobility. That same coexistence required finer‑grained governance: coordinating peak demand, organising access, measuring impacts and reinvesting urban value‑uplift into logistical and environmental mitigations.

View of Piers One and Two after the intervention. (Source: Málaga Port Authority).

The Current Board: Decisions that Define a Skyline

Despite the achievements, port–city integration is not complete. The Plan Litoral aims to stitch up discontinuities between Plaza de la Marina, the Parque, the Palmeral and Muelle 1 by means of at‑grade crossings, selective tunnelling and a green corridor that reorganises east–west traffic, prioritising walking and cycling. Only then will visual proximity become effective proximity, and the edge cease to be a sequence of well‑designed but disconnected pieces.

In this context, Quay 4 (Heredia) emerges as a hinge between the active city of the Ensanche—the Soho—and the operational basin. Although solutions focused on offices or a hotel have been mooted, accumulated experience suggests success will require a mixed programme combining economic activity with education‑ and culture‑based facilities, knowledge‑linked residences and local‑proximity uses (including the fishing value chain). An interpretation centre for the port, with viewpoints over real operations, would help embed port work symbolically in the everyday imaginary. The key will be to approach the area with a unitary operation, clear rules for use coexistence and inter‑administrative backing.

Current aerial view of the Port of Málaga. (Source: Málaga Port Authority).

For its part, the San Andrés platform, traditionally industrial, is evolving towards a hybrid landscape of marina, commercial areas and a major linear park connected to the western promenade. Designing it with coastal‑resilience criteria—mindful of Levanter storms—and with ecological and cycling continuity would allow it to become an exemplary western threshold of the port–city system. Here, more than anywhere else, coordination among coastal protection, mobility and land‑use programming will be decisive to avoid partial solutions that later prove hard to correct.

The hotel tower proposed on the Levante breakwater has become the symbol of the debate over what city and what port Málaga wishes to project. Its promoters emphasise economic traction, job creation and positioning in high‑spend tourist segments; its detractors point to landscape impacts, the risk of gentrification and misalignments with the memory of the historic waterfront. Whatever the outcome, the decision should rest on transparent tools: assessment of net urban balance (fiscal and social contributions versus accessibility costs), whole‑life carbon and energy analysis, a use‑compatibility study, and rigorous simulations of visibility and skyline impact. This example shows that port–city integration is not only about opening quays to the city; it also transcends the physical, acquiring an intrinsic symbolic and identity dimension that, in cases like this, becomes a fundamental cog in the overall mechanism.

By Way of Conclusion: Keys to Integration

Planning experience in the case of the Port of Málaga—most notably the evolution from the 1991 Preliminary Draft to the 1998 Plan, or from the 2000 specific competition to the 2004 Protocol—suggests that integration advances only when there is genuine cooperation between institutions, allowing blockages to be overcome, uncertainty reduced and decision quality raised.

To this must be added the system’s hybrid economy. The coexistence of containers, cruises, marinas and civic uses demands measuring cross‑impacts and recycling value‑uplift into logistical improvements (dedicated access, digitalisation of operations, coordination of time slots), urban enhancements (continuous public space, urban‑heat management) and environmental gains (shore‑power electrification at berths, emissions control, waste management). Without that agreed return, coexistence suffers and zero‑sum logics resurface.

Operations must not be sidelined either. An integrated port–city system, as in Málaga, requires a mobility plan that organises tourist flows (low‑emission shuttles, clear pedestrian routes from terminals to the centre, peak‑hour management), guarantees dedicated logistics access and reduces barriers along the seafront. A combination of targeted short underpasses, well‑designed at‑grade crossings, continuous cycling routes and unified wayfinding can transform the access experience within a few years without compromising operational safety.

To these three we should add a fourth transversal principle: care for the symbolic dimension. The cultural identity of Málaga’s maritime landscape is not summed up by square metres of promenade or the number of berths; it is also expressed in how the port is perceived in relation to the rest of the city. Taking that perspective into account helps to legitimise integration, reinforcing citizens’ recognition of the area as a space of their own, and avoiding rejection of operations perceived as alien.

Thirty years after that PGOU which placed the port on the urban agenda, Málaga boasts a waterfront that its inhabitants traverse and recognise as their own, and a port that has expanded its operational perimeter seaward. Frictions remain between the two—mobility, contested landscapes, fine‑tuned compatibilities—but so does an evident lesson: when administrations share a project, funding and timetable, the port ceases to be a frontier and the sea once again becomes one of the city’s squares.

The challenge of the next decade is no small one. It is to convert spatial achievements into full urban continuity; to transform iconic pieces into net value for the whole; to complete the Plan Litoral in phases with immediately useful works; to make Quay 4 a functional and civic hinge; to shape San Andrés as a resilient threshold of the system; and to anchor decision‑making in compatibility matrices that organise intensities, schedules and access. If Málaga perseveres with that tripod of pacts, returns and accessibility—and harmonises physical integration with symbolic integration—the port city that is already coming into view will also be a city that is more liveable, more competitive and more conscious of its way of inhabiting the Mediterranean.


HEAD IMAGE | Aerial view of the Port of Málaga. (Source: Málaga Port Authority).


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Article reference for citation:

NAVAS-CARRILLO, Daniel. “Planning the Waterfront: Thirty Years of Port–City Integration in Málaga”. PORTUS | Port-City Relationship and Urban Waterfront Redevelopment, 50 (December 2025). RETE Publisher, Venice. ISSN 2282-5789.
URL: https://portusonline.org/planning-the-waterfront-thirty-years-of-portcity-integration-in-malaga/

NAVAS-CARRILLO, Daniel. “Planificar el borde marítimo: Treinta años de integración puerto-ciudad en Málaga”. PORTUS | Port-City Relationship and Urban Waterfront Redevelopment, 50 (December 2025). RETE Publisher, Venice. ISSN 2282-5789.
URL: https://portusonline.org/planning-the-waterfront-thirty-years-of-portcity-integration-in-malaga/

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