Palermo Fluid City. The Archipelago of Places of the New Waterfront

8 Agosto, 2026

Ciascuno cresce solo se sognato
Danilo Dolci

There are cities that inhabit the sea, and cities that are inhabited by the sea. Palermo belongs to the second category. The distinction is subtle, yet decisive. The former use water as infrastructure: goods, energy and people move across it. The latter, instead, allow themselves to be shaped by water; they absorb its grammar, incorporate its rhythms and turn it into a form of urban thought.

Palermo is a city that the sea has not merely touched, but generated. Indeed, it is not a homogeneous city facing the sea, but an urban archipelago of different places, each with its own intensity, memory and vocation, held together by water as a relational infrastructure.

For this reason, dedicating the special PORTUS Portrait section to Palermo does not simply mean describing a season of urban transformations or a series of waterfront projects. It means addressing a broader and more urgent question: how can a twenty-first-century Mediterranean city once again recognize water as both its original matrix and its device for the future?

The twentieth century-built cities against water. It hardened coastlines, separated ports from urban districts, fenced off quays, turned rivers into technical channels and reduced rain to a hydraulic problem. Urban modernity conceived water either as an obstacle or as a service: something to be regulated, diverted and accelerated. Yet port cities – and Palermo perhaps more than many others, given its ancient identity as an “all-port” city – remind us that water is not merely matter to be governed: it is a condition of urbanity.

Today, in an age of climate crises, ecological transitions, mobile economies and new geographies of tourism, the waterfront has once again become the place where the city measures its capacity to change. It is no longer simply an edge, but a threshold. No longer a margin, but a hinge. No longer a limit, but an interface.

Waterfronts are now among the most intense laboratories of global urban transformation. From Rotterdam to Hamburg, from Barcelona to Marseille, from Brest to Aalborg, port cities have understood that their future depends not only on logistical efficiency, but on the capacity to build new alliances between maritime economy, public space, culture and dwelling. Palermo enters this field not as a latecomer, but as a paradigmatic case, because here the relationship between city and water has always been an ontological question before being a functional one [1].

With its twenty-six kilometres of urban coastline and a port that has historically grown within the body of the city itself, Palermo represents one of the most complex fluid geographies in the Mediterranean. Here, designing the waterfront does not mean intervening on a specialized strip. It means rethinking the entire urban metabolism. It means understanding that port, waterfront and coast are not three separate objects, but three states of the same urban matter.

It is precisely from this awareness that the idea of Palermo as a fluid city emerges.

The fluid city is not an aesthetic metaphor. It is an operational paradigm. It acknowledges that water cities can no longer be designed as rigid machines, but must be conceived as adaptive organisms, capable of absorbing, filtering, connecting and transforming.

In the case of Palermo, fluidity manifests itself in four complementary forms, which together compose a new urban grammar. The first is port fluidity. The port is no longer a productive enclave separated from the city, but an osmotic device: a gradient of relations that moves from the rigid port of shipyards and heavy logistics to the permeable port of cruise activities and services, and finally to the fluid port of the Cala and the Molo Trapezoidale, where yachting, culture, archaeology and urban life merge into a single ecosystem.

The second is coastal fluidity. The coast is not a sequence of isolated episodes, but a great linear cardo crossing the city from north to south, from Sferracavallo to Acqua dei Corsari. It is an axis that does not merely connect places, but activates possibilities: the new narrative infrastructure of contemporary Palermo.

The third is ecological fluidity. Palermo is hydraulically fragile because it has progressively sealed its soils and interrupted the natural cycles of water. Today it must recover the ancient knowledge through which water, agriculture and settlement once formed a single metabolic system.

The fourth is social fluidity. The waterfront is not only an economic space; it is also a civic space. It is the place where new forms of proximity, new fourth spaces and new hybrid communities are constructed between dwelling, work, culture and care. Here, fluidity means the capacity to mix uses, temporalities and populations.

This vision informed the 2008 Port Masterplan, approved in 2018, conceived not as a sectoral plan but as an infrastructure of reconciliation between city and sea, as will be discussed in a later contribution. The plan introduced a gradient of permeability between port and city, distinguishing in order to integrate, separating in order to reconnect. It was not conceived as a traditional regulatory instrument, but as a guiding plan, a scenario-building and strategic device to bring Palermo back to the water. It reorganized port functions so as to release some areas for new urban uses and designed, along the entire port arc, a series of transitional spaces with varying degrees of openness towards the city: from the port most intimately merged with the urban fabric, dedicated to yachting, culture and leisure, to the productive and shipbuilding core that must remain protected and impermeable to incompatible uses. In other words, it is a plan that differentiates in order to connect, combining functional rationalization with a precise design of thresholds – gates, insertions and viewpoints – through which the city may reclaim its sea.

From that guiding plan, the projects described in the following pages progressively emerged and, together with others shaped by the same idea, now form the archipelago of the water city: the new water district of the Molo Trapezoidale, next to the archaeological park of Castello a Mare, which hybridizes yachting, conviviality, commerce, hotel accommodation, coworking, congress functions, culture and archaeology into a single urban-port landscape; the new permeable frontage along Via Crispi, conceived as a system of public spaces and gardens restoring views of the sea to the city; the passenger terminal on Banchina Sammuzzo; and the ongoing projects for the Manifattura Tabacchi, Chimica Arenella, the Foro Italico and the public buildings of Piazza Marina.

This archipelago of places requires connection if it is not to remain a constellation of isolated fragments held together only by an idea. It needs a backbone capable of becoming its structural axis of meaning.

The Coast as the New Cardo of the Fluid City

In our understanding of Palermo as an archipelago of regenerated places, the waterfront is not merely a sequence of margins to be recovered or voids to be filled. It is the city’s new cardo, its generative axis. It is the great linear infrastructure that, from north to south, can reconnect separated parts, reactivate latent economies, rewrite social and environmental relations, and redefine the urban metabolism. This is not an archipelago of isolated fragments, but a system of interdependent urban islands: seaside villages, ports, coves, parks, landings, disused areas and districts in transition. These are autonomous yet connected places, each capable of generating its own urbanity while contributing to a wider coastal ecology.

If for more than a century the modern cardo of Palermo was Via Libertà – a bourgeois, monumental and inland axis, constructed as the backbone of nineteenth- and twentieth-century modernization – today the new strategic axis is the coast. It is a different cardo: no longer centripetal but outward-looking, no longer linear but porous, no longer merely urban but urban-maritime. Along this axis Palermo reconnects to the world through an archipelago of places grafted onto the coastal backbone.

The coast is no longer a frontier, but a zone of negotiation. It is not the terminal edge of the city, but its most permeable and fertile membrane, the place where global mobilities and local practices, maritime economies and public spaces, tourism and production, memory and innovation intersect.

A plate illustrating the new waterfront of Palermo, conceived as an archipelago of public spaces, green-blue infrastructures, and urban regeneration areas that redefine the relationship between the city and the sea. (© Maurizio Carta).

The fluid city is the paradigm, the new coastal cardo is its structural backbone, and the archipelago of places is the urban form through which that structure takes shape.

From Sferracavallo to Mondello, from Addaura to Vergine Maria, to Arenella and Acquasanta with their large disused productive areas, from the historic port in transformation to the Foro Italico and the Cala of Palermo, and further south towards Romagnolo, Settecannoli, Sperone, Bandita, Roccella and Acqua dei Corsari, a sequence of places unfolds that should no longer be conceived as isolated episodes, but as parts of a single strategic geography. It is a cosmopolitan archipelago.

Parallel to this coastal backbone, slightly inland, lies a second precious axis: the sequence of Via Butera and Via Torremuzza, which can be read as the backbone of contemporary art foundations. It is a short yet extremely dense trajectory, in which Palermo reveals its capacity to transform historic heritage into a cultural infrastructure for the present.
On one side, Fondazione Sant’Elia and the Loggiato di San Bartolomeo, overlooking the port of the Cala, open this system towards the monumental and maritime heart of the city. A little further on, Palazzo Butera, returned to the city by Massimo and Francesca Valsecchi, hosts an extraordinary art collection and an educational programme that make it not only a house-museum, but also an open cultural laboratory. Nearby, Palazzo Piraino may reinforce this vocation by hosting a new academy of arts and crafts. Continuing along this axis, Fondazione Barbaro and Fondazione Tomasi di Lampedusa add further presences of memory, culture and symbolic production, while the new Palermo venue of Hauser & Wirth, in the remarkable Palazzo Forcella-De Seta, projects Palermo into the international networks of contemporary art. Further south, Palazzo Jung in Via Lincoln, with Fondazione Falcone and the Museo del Presente dedicated to the memory of Giovanni Falcone and Paolo Borsellino and to their heroic struggle against the Mafia, completes this backbone by turning it into a civic as well as cultural axis.

This sequence is not simply a museum itinerary. It is an immaterial urban infrastructure, capable of connecting contemporary art, education, civic memory, craftsmanship, collecting, internationalization and public space. Within the fluid city, the backbone of foundations acts as a terrestrial counterpoint to the waterfront: while the coast reconnects Palermo to the sea, this cultural axis reconnects the sea to the historical and civic depth of the city.

A photographic composition dedicated to the Urban Center Sicilia, showing the historical monumental facade of the headquarters and the interior spaces used as exhibition halls and areas for conferences and debates. (© Maurizio Carta).

Linked to this same backbone, two major public buildings await their return to the city as components of the same design: Palazzo della Zecca and Palazzo delle Finanze. Included in the Piano Città for public real estate signed by the Municipality of Palermo and the State Property Agency, they are expected to become hybrid buildings where housing, offices, culture and conviviality coexist within a single regeneration district, conceived by the two institutions as the Piazza Marina and Cala Mixed District. This new island of urban dwelling is intended to combine private investment and public interest, hospitality and services open to the city, in dialogue with the university and museum system that already animates Piazza Marina. The first sign of this vocation is already visible: an Urban Center has recently opened on the ground floor of Palazzo della Zecca, a place where public debate on urban regeneration can itself become a driver of transformation even before construction sites begin.

The new coastal cardo, therefore, is not merely a geographical line, but a system of resonances: corresponding to the sea as ecological and productive infrastructure is a cultural backbone capable of transforming historic palaces into contemporary devices of knowledge, memory and citizenship.

Within this vision – the dream that allows growth, to use Danilo Dolci’s words – the coastal urban backbone relates seaside villages to new mobility hubs, industrial areas in transition to emerging ecological landscapes, small harbours to new cultural centralities, urban parks to blue economies, cultural economies to new geographies of dwelling, and artisanal production to the performativity of public space. If designed as a unitary system, this backbone can make the coast the most powerful device for territorial rebalancing in contemporary Palermo. Here the fluid city manifests itself in its most concrete form.

Fluidity means the capacity to place in continuity what the modern city had separated: port and districts, logistics and public space, production and leisure, infrastructure and landscape. It means transforming the coast into a long urban threshold, capable of alternating density and void, protection and openness, permanence and adaptability.

If the coast is the new cardo of the fluid city, its places form the archipelago through which that linearity breaks, thickens and multiplies into a plurality of centralities. It is an archipelago connected by the coast, a common infrastructure of enormous potential that nevertheless requires unified direction, a shared vision, a line of musical notation upon which the notes of a new urban score can be placed.

For this reason, in November 2022 the Municipality of Palermo and the Port System Authority of the Western Sicilian Sea signed a Framework Agreement that, for the first time, moved beyond the jurisdictional boundaries between the two institutions without undermining their respective competences. This was a decisive step, because it finally acknowledged that the city-port relationship can no longer be managed as a conflict of perimeters, but must be governed as the co-design of interfaces. From the Foro Italico to the Molo Trapezoidale, from the small harbour of Sant’Erasmo to the mouth of the Oreto, from the Manifattura Tabacchi to the Acquasanta district, this agreement opened a new season of convergence, later made even more concrete through a new operational agreement between President Annalisa Tardino and Mayor Roberto Lagalla, aimed above all at improving osmotic relations between city and port in the area of the pedestrian axis of Via Emerico Amari.

It is an agreement rooted in a long genealogy of conflicts: one need only recall the “target areas” removed from the plan as early as 2011, symptomatic of a historical inability to conceive the coastal margin as a unitary system. Today, by contrast, precisely where fractures once existed, the fluid city is finally beginning to take shape through a conscious bricolage of visions, projects and interventions.

Among the most representative places of this fluid archipelago, the great park of the Foro Italico occupies a central position, acting as a hinge between the historic centre, the port of the Cala, Sant’Erasmo and the Costa Sud. Born as a monumental promenade overlooking the sea and returned in recent decades to the city as a large urban lawn, the Foro Italico is today one of the most significant public spaces in the Mediterranean, but also one of the most complex to govern because of the extraordinary plurality of practices that cross it. It is a space that continuously changes identity without losing its nature, capable of hosting the everyday rituals of citizenship – running, playing, resting and meeting – as well as major collective celebrations such as the final Ramadan prayer, which every year brings together thousands of worshippers from the city’s different Islamic communities, summer concerts, sporting events, food festivals and cultural activities organized by the many communities that compose contemporary Palermo.

This extraordinary capacity to host different uses has led, within the Framework Agreement between the Municipality and the Port Authority, to the promotion of an international ideas competition for the reconfiguration of the entire system between the Molo Sud, the Foro Italico park, the small harbour of Sant’Erasmo, the mouth of the Oreto and the coastline up to the Stand Florio. More than the design of a park, the competition represents the design of a new public geography of the waterfront, capable of relating port, city, coastal landscape and ecological systems within a single vision.

The objective is not to construct new volumes, but to increase urban quality through the design of open space. Small reversible pavilions, temporary devices, floating platforms and piers, new pedestrian and cycling connections, and light equipment for sport, culture and leisure will intensify the relationship between citizens and the sea without altering the open and landscape character of this extraordinary urban frontage. At the same time, the competition extends its attention to Foro Umberto I along the Mura delle Cattive, reconnecting the dialogue between the waterfront and one of the city’s most precious monumental systems, where the Palchetto della Musica, Porta dei Greci, Palazzo Butera and the entire backbone of cultural foundations compose one of the densest urban sequences in the Mediterranean. The various proposals submitted by the competition participants will soon be synthesized into a set of immediately implementable interventions, within the resources of the agreement between the Sicilian Region, the Port Authority and the Municipality, in order to begin prototyping the enrichment of civic and community facilities at the Foro Italico. The aim is to ensure that the space does not lose its extraordinary adaptability to unpredictable and informal uses, while acquiring services that enhance people’s wellbeing and foster care for the place. It will become not only a better-cared-for space, but also a space that cares for the people who use it.

From this perspective, the Foro Italico is not merely an urban park. It is a “fourth space” [2] of fluid Palermo: a large adaptive civic infrastructure, capable of hosting the continuous transformation of the city without losing its identity. It is the place where the sea becomes public space, where the plurality of cultures finds a common stage, and where the archipelago of places that composes Palermo manifests itself in its most open, inclusive and cosmopolitan form.

Moving north along the coastal backbone, the archipelago of the fluid city encounters two major places of industrial memory that represent some of Palermo’s most important reserves for the future: the former Manifattura Tabacchi and the former Chimica Arenella plants. They are not merely vast disused areas overlooking the sea, but genuine territorial infrastructures awaiting a new urbanogenesis. Their strategic location between Acquasanta, Arenella, the shipyards and the system of marinas makes it possible to imagine a transformation capable of intertwining urban regeneration, the blue economy, innovation and the quality of dwelling.

The former Manifattura Tabacchi, built on the site of the historic Lazzaretto and now owned by Cassa Depositi e Prestiti Immobiliare, has all the characteristics required to become one of the main centres for creative and innovative enterprises in the Mediterranean. This would not be a simple building reuse, but a true productive ecosystem in which scientific research, advanced manufacturing, cultural and creative industries, higher education, technological experimentation and new forms of dwelling could coexist in an open and multifunctional environment. Together with the former Magazzini Tirrenia, located just beyond the shipyards and also facing the sea, it could form a large district of urban innovation, capable of hosting permanent and temporary functions, shared housing, guesthouses for researchers and creatives, spaces for start-ups, laboratories, incubators, cultural activities and services linked to the growing economy of the sea. Such a transformation should also reconnect the area with the hinterland, integrating the Via Montalbo system and restoring landscape and environmental value to the geomorphological corridor of the Passo di Rigano stream, which reaches the sea precisely here.

A mosaic dedicated to the former Manifattura Tabacchi complex in Palermo, located in the Acquasanta district, where industrial architecture tells the story of decades of history and labor. (© Maurizio Carta).

A little further on, the large industrial area of the former Chimica Arenella represents another strategic island in this coastal archipelago. Its industrial archaeological architecture, overlooking the tourist and fishing harbour of Arenella and the historic Florio tuna fishery, constitutes one of the city’s most extraordinary heritages of productive memory. Its regeneration through the international Reinventing Cities competition, promoted by the Municipality together with C40 and the State Property Agency, could become the engine for the rebirth of the entire seaside district, hosting metropolitan functions of high innovation and relational intensity: quality accommodation, temporary residences, student housing, guesthouses, co-housing, services for yachting and bathing, and cultural and entrepreneurial activities capable of engaging with the sea. In this case, the economic sustainability of the transformation is not an accessory element, but the very condition of regeneration: only activities capable of generating high added value will be able to support the complex environmental remediation works and, at the same time, finance the social, ecological and urban rebalancing measures required to return lasting benefits to the Arenella community.

Evocative images of the former Chimica Arenella in Palermo, a historic early 20th-century industrial site dominated by the iconic water tower visible at the center of the composition. Its imposing naves and geometric structures blend with the colors of the earth and the sun, standing as guardians of the working-class memory of the Palermitan coast. (© Maurizio Carta).

These two large complexes, therefore, do not simply represent opportunities for the reuse of industrial heritage. They constitute two new islands of productive innovation within the archipelago of the fluid city: places where the memory of manufacturing work can be transformed into a new economy of knowledge, creativity and innovation, while contributing to new forms of dwelling. Connected to the coastal backbone, to the shipyards, to the marinas, to the system of cultural foundations and to the seaside villages, they help define an urban geography in which every place preserves its own identity while participating in a shared vision, making the coast not the periphery of the city, but its main laboratory for the future.

We should not, however, allow ourselves to be seduced by this emerging archipelago, or by the practices of incremental and adaptive urbanogenesis [3] that are composing the new fluid form of the city. In order to consolidate, this process requires an overall urban planning vision, while retaining the necessary degree of flexibility so as not to compress the turbulent power of water cities. The risk that the coast continues to transform only through fragments, exceptions and contingent opportunities must be avoided. Palermo instead needs a major coastal urban project – composed through the integration of the Maritime State Property Use Plan (PUDM), the General Urban Plan (PUG) and partnership-based and negotiated urban regeneration projects – capable of constructing organicity, continuity and shared identity along the entire cardo.

The strategic vision of the General Urban Plan for the regeneration of Palermo’s south coast, aimed at reconnecting the relationship between the city and the sea within a resilient and integrated urban ecosystem. (© Maurizio Carta).

Costa Sud, Laboratory of 2050

To prevent this archipelago from remaining a constellation of episodes, two instruments have been put in place to turn the vision of the fluid city and the geography of the cardo into concrete form.

The PUDM, submitted to the City Council in June 2026 for adoption, is the first operational instrument of this vision. It does not merely regulate the use of maritime state property; it constructs a new geography of the coast based on environmental protection, universal access to the sea and a balance between public enjoyment and economic activities. Green infrastructures, coastal paths, parks, sea access points and shared management of the shoreline transform the coast from a simple administrative boundary into a civic, ecological and productive space.

Yet the fluid city cannot be exhausted by the planning of maritime state property alone. For this reason, the maritime demesne plan dialogues with the urban plan, extending the same vision to the entire urban territory and reconnecting waterfront, transformation areas, ecological systems and new economies within a single strategy. Because the new cardo of the fluid city is not a road, but a geography: and it is within this geography that Palermo can rewrite its future.

The PUG, currently being drafted, seeks to consolidate this vision: not a coastal strip to be recovered piece by piece, but a large unitary urban project capable of reconnecting the city to its sea. The starting point is the overall vision set out in the General Directives – approved by the Lagalla administration in 2023 – under the name “Palermo +”: the idea of a metropolitan city that is polycentric, productive, educational, inclusive, cosmopolitan and resilient, capable of holding together tradition and transition within the strategic operational horizon of 2050. Within this framework, the Costa Sud is not a separate chapter: it is the testing ground where the ambitions of the plan confront a fragile yet strategic territory, compressed between sea, the Oreto river, agricultural areas and productive facilities.

If the coast is the city’s new cardo and the port is the fluid heart of Palermo, the Costa Sud is its radical laboratory. It is a portion of the city that for decades has been narrated only through subtraction: disused industry, denied bathing, peripheral districts isolated from the rest of the city. Yet the Costa Sud is instead a strip of vitality and fragility, of resources and opportunities, which accompanies the south-eastern waterfront of the city from Sant’Erasmo to Romagnolo, from Brancaccio to Sperone, from Bandita to Acqua dei Corsari.

The General Directives of the Plan articulate the transformation of the Costa Sud along four axes that converge into concrete regeneration scenarios.

Quality of life and coastal enjoyment. The completion of the remediation works – funded and currently under way – for Parco Libero Grassi at Acqua dei Corsari and for the shorelines of Sperone, Bandita and Romagnolo, aimed at creating a large coastal park, is the precondition for returning to citizens a long vegetal and maritime public space capable of hosting bathing, sport, social and educational activities. This is accompanied by the revival of the historic seaside villages through building recovery, the pedestrianization of city-port interface areas and the redevelopment of the squares in front of the small harbours, in order to restore centrality and identity to neighbourhoods that have lost their role as autonomous coastal communities.

Environment and eco-districts. The Plan envisages the creation of the Oreto River Park, in an action that will also involve the municipalities of Monreale and Altofonte, reconnecting the city to the hinterland and the coast through the river course. At the same time, the agricultural park of Ciaculli is identified as a potential rural-urban agricultural district, while the large public housing neighbourhoods are at the centre of a programme aimed at transforming them into high-energy-efficiency eco-districts, according to the model of the near-zero energy neighbourhood.

Innovation and productivity. The industrial area of Brancaccio, currently experiencing productive contraction, is conceived as a possible Fab City: a manufacturing district combining digital technologies, advanced craftsmanship and the management of electronic waste. Along the two banks of the Oreto, between the former Gasometer and the former municipal slaughterhouse, the Plan proposes the creation of a “special innovation zone” capable of integrating the river park, its mouth and the UNESCO site of Ponte dell’Ammiraglio.

Sustainable mobility and interconnection. The most visible proposal is the metromare, a fast maritime connection that would link Torre Ciachea to Cefalù, with intermediate stops along the entire Palermo coastline, from Isola delle Femmine to Termini Imerese. Completing the mobility strategy are the enhancement of tourist and fishing harbours and the creation of large interchange hubs – including the Porta Sud Hub – designed to integrate logistics, public transport and shared mobility.

This represents a paradigm shift that the design vision documents summarize effectively: from periphery to districts of transition – ecological, social, energy, cultural and economic – through distributed photovoltaic panels, permeable paving, basins for rainwater management, shared urban gardens and a waterfront punctuated by lightweight modular bathing facilities, piers and continuous cycling routes, using a material language – natural wood, local stone and native vegetation – that dialogues with the history of popular seaside life along this coast. Yet the point most strongly emphasized by the strategic document is the need to overcome fragmentation: the Costa Sud is a backbone connecting urban organs – park, river, productive area, waterfront and seaside villages – and therefore requires unitary implementation planning, capable of intercepting transformation areas both longitudinally and transversally, penetrating the consolidated urban fabric and providing the coherence needed to attract extra-municipal funding and offer investors the legal certainty that fragmented interventions have so far made difficult.

For the Costa Sud, the transition from the substantial masterplan of public works – more than 200 million euros in interventions – to the General Urban Plan primarily means a change of scale: from a set of projects – the remediation of Parco Libero Grassi and the shoreline, the redevelopment of seaside villages, the recovery of the former Gasometer, the metromare – to a single design that holds them together within a shared planning rule. The process is still ongoing: the General Directives were the first step in a political and technical pathway that the forthcoming Preliminary Document and subsequent implementation planning will have to translate into regulations, perimeters and operational instruments. But the direction, for the first time in organic form, is already written: the Costa Sud as the laboratory of Palermo’s future.

Porous City

As already noted, there is a second, less harmonious and more unsettled relationship that connects Palermo to water: not the water that laps against it, but the water that falls upon it. This is rain: vertical, sudden and often violent water, which in recent years has increasingly transformed streets into torrents, squares into basins and underpasses into traps. If the sea is the city’s long memory, rain is now its most uncertain future.

A fluid city is also a porous city: capable of retaining, slowing, infiltrating and reusing water. Like many water cities around the world – from Rotterdam to Miami, from Boston to New Orleans – Palermo must confront a new climatic regime, made of anomalous rainfall, extreme events and altered temporalities that traditional rainfall models are no longer able to predict.

Reducing the problem to a purely climatic issue would be a mistake, because hydrogeological instability is also urban. It is the product of decades of progressive soil sealing, rigid canalization of watercourses, reduction of natural flood expansion areas, fragmentation of vegetated heritage and systematic consumption of absorbent surfaces. It is the result of a modernization process that interpreted water as an element to be expelled rapidly, rather than as a resource to be retained, governed and returned to the urban cycle. Contemporary Palermo is thus paying the price of a long separation from its own water metabolism.

Yet this city, more than many others, holds an alternative knowledge within its history. Palermo was the Conca d’Oro not only because of the fertility of its soil, but because over the centuries it had constructed a sophisticated ecology of water: rivers, canals, citrus groves, gardens, cisterns, irrigation systems and permeable soils. Water was not an enemy; it was a living infrastructure.

Recovering this ancient intelligence today means imagining Palermo as a porous city, the necessary counterpart of the fluid city. If the fluid city governs the horizontal relationship between land and sea, the porous city governs the vertical relationship between sky and ground. They are two faces of the same urban ecology.

The response, therefore, cannot be merely hydraulic. It is not enough to enlarge pipes or accelerate runoff. An integrated urban project is required, based on nature-based solutions and capable of learning from Rotterdam’s Water Squares or from sponge-city systems tested in many cities, treating excess water not as an enemy to be repelled but as a presence to be welcomed, slowed down, absorbed and even converted into new public space. A square that temporarily floods, a park that retains water, a permeable boulevard, a school with draining gardens, a network of continuous vegetated soils: these are not merely technical devices, but fragments of a new climate urbanism.

Palermo still possesses, within the interstices of the built city, a latent geography of possible porosity: the vegetated ring of urban parks surrounding the consolidated city, the great and majestic Parco della Favorita and Monte Pellegrino, a powerful biodiversity reserve, the system of historic villas of the Piana dei Colli, the agricultural mosaic of Ciaculli, the large residual open areas and the coastal ecological backbones. This dispersed heritage does not currently function as a system, but could once again do so. Among these devices, the ecological and hydraulic corridor of the Oreto could become the major spine of porous Palermo: a climate infrastructure capable of connecting mountain, city and sea.

Reconnecting all reserves of hydraulic porosity would mean constructing a genuine metropolitan ecological infrastructure: an organism capable of retaining water, reducing temperatures, increasing biodiversity, mitigating risk and offering new spaces of proximity. This is a form of resilience based not on resistance, but on absorption; not on opposition, but on cohabitation.

And this is, ultimately, the same principle that should also govern the relationship between Palermo and its sea: not to oppose water, but to govern it; not to regiment it, but to dialogue with it; not to build against its movements, but within its cycles. A water city cannot save itself from the climate crisis by becoming rigid. It can only do so by becoming fluid again – and, at the same time, porous.

A City That Dances Even in the Storm

The long, at times difficult and often subterranean process of recovering Palermo’s waterfront is not only an urban planning or infrastructural story. It is, first of all, a cultural one: the story of a city attempting to rediscover itself precisely in the place where, for decades, it had stopped looking at itself – the sea.

What is now emerging along its waterfront – through new urban quays, coastal parks, reclaimed public spaces, hybrid functions and new maritime economies – is a renewed image of the future. Not merely a regenerated landscape, but a field of possibility. A real space in which to cultivate Palermo’s original cosmopolitanism, its Mediterranean vocation as threshold, port and crossing.

Palermo is thus returning to nourish its economy of the sea, but above all it is rethinking its coastal landscape within a new alliance between nature and city, infrastructures and communities, logistics and urban desire. This is a necessary sisterhood, because today no water city can any longer imagine itself by separating its functions from its ecology.

The same principle must apply, on a different scale but with equal radicality, to the waters that cross the city, bathe it and sometimes wound it. Rain, rivers, runoff, storm surges and floods are not external events in relation to the urban project: they are constitutive parts of it. Prevention, maintenance, ecological management, climate adaptation and mitigation must merge into one great project for a resilient city, capable not only of defending itself from water, but of living with it.

This is perhaps the highest challenge for the Palermo to come: to return to being a fluid city not only because it faces the sea, but because it is capable of assuming fluidity as an organizing principle of its spaces, relations, infrastructures and even institutions.

To be fluid means to be permeable without being fragile. It means being able to absorb shocks, adapt to change, transform crisis into learning, and recognize that the boundary is not a line of separation, but a fertile zone of exchange.

For this reason, Palermo can today be read as a Mediterranean laboratory of the twenty-first century: a city that experiments, with all its contradictions, with a new form of amphibious urbanity, where the port is not an enclosure but a porous threshold of exchange, the coast is not a margin but a cardo, and water is not a threat but a matter of design. Palermo thus returns to recognizing itself not as a compact city, but as an archipelago of fluid places: different, interdependent, porous, capable of transforming without losing memory.

The archipelago of places is not merely a possible interpretation of Palermo; it is proposed as a lens through which many Mediterranean port cities may imagine a new alliance between port, coast, culture, ecology and community.

The articles that follow recount, from different perspectives and through a symphony of approaches and languages, this double rebirth from water in Palermo: the sea to be reclaimed and water to be welcomed; the coast returning as civic space and ecology returning as urban infrastructure; the port opening itself to the city and the city allowing itself once again to be crossed by its maritime destiny.

In the end, however, it is a single story. The story of a city that returns to recognizing itself in its watery nature. A city that understands that resilience does not consist in rigidly resisting the storm, but in learning to inhabit it. As wise bodies do, as ancient ports do, as fluid cities do.

Like Palermo, when it stops distancing itself from or defending itself against water and finally returns to dancing on its natural fluid stage, even within the storm.

A portrait of Palermo’s South Coast that combines historical memory, cultural events, and the collective rediscovery of the urban coastal landscape. (© Maurizio Carta).


HEAD IMAGE | A photographic collage that combines urban views and coastal landscapes, historic architecture, and naturalistic details to capture the essence of Palermo. (© Maurizio Carta).


NOTES

[1] This contribution emerges from the intertwining of research, design and public administration activities carried out by the author over the last twenty years. This privileged position allows for direct knowledge of the processes described, while requiring critical assessment by the reader, which this monographic issue, through the plurality of its contributions, aims to foster. For further discussion of the issues addressed, see: M. Carta and D. Ronsivalle, The Fluid City Paradigm. Waterfront Regeneration as an Urban Renewal Strategy, Zurich, Springer, 2016; M. Carta, Palermo, un’idea di cui è giunto il tempo, Venice, Marsilio, 2023; M. Carta, P. La Greca, D. Ronsivalle and B. Lino, Planning Complex Waterfront Interfaces. Reshaping Port City Regeneration for Sustainable Urban Futures, Cham, Springer, 2025.

[2] The concept of fourth space has recently been developed by the author as an innovative response to the overcoming of the rigid separation of the modern city into distinct spaces for dwelling, working and socializing. Today, the new and plural demands of a more complex and integrated urban dwelling require the conscious design of places that combine, in different degrees and modalities, all three spaces, so that they may adapt to diverse forms of life rather than forcing bodies to adapt to predefined and prepackaged modes of dwelling. See M. Carta, La città del quarto spazio, Milano, Mimesis, 2026.

[3] Against real-estate-driven practices of urban regeneration, generally oriented towards increasing the rent of developers and investors, I have proposed an intervention approach capable of ensuring greater spatial justice, which I have defined as incremental and adaptive urbanogenesis. This notion emphasizes, first, the capacity to produce urbanity before urban valorization and, second, the need for an incremental and adaptive process that interacts more effectively with real territories and communities, accompanying their transition rather than seducing them with real-estate rhetoric. See M. Carta, Sette lezioni di rigenerazione urbana, Siracusa, LetteraVentidue, 2025.



Article reference for citation:

CARTA, Maurizio. “Palermo città liquida. L'arcipelago dei luoghi del nuovo waterfront”. PORTUS | Port-City Relationship and Urban Waterfront Redevelopment, 51 (August 2026). RETE Publisher, Venice. ISSN 2282-5789.
URL: https://portusonline.org/palermo-fluid-city-the-archipelago-of-places-of-the-new-waterfront/

CARTA, Maurizio. “Palermo Fluid City. The Archipelago of Places of the New Waterfront”. PORTUS | Port-City Relationship and Urban Waterfront Redevelopment, 51 (August 2026). RETE Publisher, Venice. ISSN 2282-5789.
URL: https://portusonline.org/palermo-fluid-city-the-archipelago-of-places-of-the-new-waterfront/