Overtourism in Cities and Small Islands

1 Agosto, 2026

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In the contemporary debate on tourism development, the phenomenon of overtourism can no longer be interpreted solely through rigid statistical indices and numerical ratios. The volume Overtourism in Cities and Small Islands aims to deconstruct the complex dynamics underlying this phenomenon, analyzing how uncontrolled flows risk disrupting daily life, destabilizing local communities, and commodifying cultural heritage. By combining development economics, urban sociology, spatial planning, and public policy, editors Lino Briguglio, Marie Avellino, and Jim Butcher aim to contrast the impact of the phenomenon on historic European metropolises with the vulnerabilities of small island realities. The theoretical framework outlined by the editors highlights the dual dimension of the phenomenon, showing how the perception of its effects changes according to different stakeholders: what is often an unsustainable influx for a resident can represent a vital resource for industry operators and the local economy.

The methodological framework considers the common traits and profound structural differences that separate metropolitan centers from island contexts. Although both realities share the same critical issues, such as gentrification and rising housing costs, their physical limits diverge significantly. In large cities, overtourism manifests primarily as a conflict over the use of space and real estate within diversified urban fabrics. In islands, conversely, the small demographic scale, geographical isolation, and logistical accessibility restricted solely to air or sea carriers transform the influx of visitors into immediate pressure on scarce resources, such as water and energy infrastructure, and on their fragile ecosystems. The economic dependence on a single sector, which particularly characterizes small island contexts, leaves local authorities with little room for maneuver. Intervention options are often limited, and at times heavily conditioned, by the interests of large foreign hotel chains and tourism multinationals.


The book’s analytical path is divided into distinct sections. The first part investigates urban dynamics and the habitability crisis, introducing a geographical exception with the contribution ‘Local Community Perspectives on the Conservation of Cultural and Heritage Values in Georgetown, Penang Amidst the Challenges of Overtourism‘ by Ahmad Nazrin Aris Anuar and Hazirah Muhammad Salleh. Their study on Georgetown, Malaysia, shows how the 2008 UNESCO recognition triggered a shift in land-use designation and sparked strong concerns among residents regarding overcrowding and pressure on resources. The focus then shifts to the European quadrant with Giacomo-Maria Salerno, who, in ‘The Right to the City and the Reframing of Sustainability in Overtouristed Destinations‘, offers a historical reconstruction of Venice’s trajectory. He analyzes the effectiveness of the recent access fees (ticket) and suggests a model of planned tourism degrowth to protect permanent residency. The essay ‘Overtourism in the Context of the Global Housing Crisis’ by Jim Butcher addresses the housing crisis by linking it to the post-2008 financialization of the real estate market and the proliferation of short-term rentals, proposing to move beyond the dichotomy between growth and degrowth in favor of a qualitative distinction between positive and negative development. The potential of museum institutions as strategic tools for mitigating and redistributing flows is explored by Monika Murzyn-Kupisz and Dominika Hołuj in ‘The Potential of Museums in Mitigating the Negative Effects of Overtourism‘ through two case studies in small Polish towns. For the city of Rome, Barbara Brollo, Alessandra Esposito, and Daniela Festa map the transition toward a tourism-led rentierism driven mostly by short-term leases; in their contribution ‘Overtourism and Habitability Crisis in Rome‘, they highlight how the resulting housing crisis emerged in all its severity precisely during the preparatory phase for the 2025 Jubilee.

The urban section is completed by integrating different historical-geographical and political interpretations. In the essay ‘Overtourism in Destinations in Central and Eastern European Countries‘, Michał Żemła analyzes how the transition from a communist past to the neoliberal system in the 1990s accelerated the touristification of historic centers in the Central and Eastern European context, creating vulnerabilities in current planning. The strategies of the Lombardy Region in managing the risks associated with the 2026 Winter Olympic Games are analyzed by Francesco Bianchi, Federico Rappelli, and Alessandro Capocchi in ‘Managing Overtourism in a Rapidly Growing Region‘. In their contribution, the authors illustrate a governance model based on real-time digital monitoring of flows, capitalising on the lessons learned from the Milano Expo 2015 experience. The hidden social costs emerge in Andreas Walmsley’s investigation into migrant labor. In ‘Overtourism and Migrant Economic Activity‘, the author describes the spatial polarization between central tourist zones and peripheral resettlement areas. Jan Henrik Nilsson and Cecilia Cassinger’s perspective on Nordic countries, which emerges in their essay ‘Rethinking Overtourism as a Context-specific Phenomenon‘, highlights how conflicts related to urban space are influenced by Scandinavian welfare policies and post-pandemic responses. Closing this first part, Karl Agius and Michael Briguglio examine in ‘Protests against Overtourism across Europe and EU Policy Response‘ the 2024 social protests in Europe, particularly in the Mediterranean, analyzing Brussels’ institutional limits of action and the new regulations on short-term rental data aimed at promoting ‘balanced tourism.

The second part of the volume shifts the focus of the geographical and geopolitical investigation to the island dimension. Richard Butler and Rachel Dodds propose a systematization of the causes of overtourism in islands, highlighting in their contribution ‘An Explanation of Overtourism in Islands‘ the complexity deriving from both differing historical trajectories and profound divergences in attractiveness. The authors isolate two structural forms of overtourism: the first, evolutionary in nature, develops through a gradual and incremental growth that eventually exceeds the residents’ tolerance threshold and the carrying capacity of coastal ecosystems; the second, revolutionary in nature, manifests as an abrupt shock driven by sudden logistical or technological changes. These factors include, for example, a rapid increase in a destination’s accessibility, the lowering of air transport costs, and a surge in media popularity across digital channels. In ‘Overtourism in Germany’s Far North‘, Gert-Jan Hospers analyzes the case of Sylt in the North Sea, where consolidated economic interests and elite touristification have generated a significant demographic distortion (just 18,000 residents against 4,000 daily commuting workers who lack access to the housing market) and represent a major obstacle to a sustainable transition.
The impact of virtual representations is identified by Christian Widholm, who, in ‘The Island of Sandhamn – Overtourism and Instagramism‘, analyzes the case of the Swedish island of Sandhamn, where Instagram’s aesthetic ideology manages to conceal the real environmental costs suffered by infrastructure and coastlines through glossy and idealized images. Mitigation policies and governance are critically examined by Macià Blázquez-Salom, Nora Müller, Marc Fuster-Uguet, and Maria Sard. Their study ‘Sustainability, Governance and Touristification‘ on the allocation of revenues from the Sustainable Tourism Tax, introduced between 2016 and 2024 in the Balearic Islands, demonstrates how a significant share of resources was diverted toward weak sustainability projects aimed at maintaining flow growth or upgrading accommodation infrastructure, rather than protecting coastal ecosystems. The transition of the island of Capri from a historic elite retreat to a mass tourism destination is mapped in ‘Overtourism on the Island of Capri‘ by Cinzia Vallone, Nadia Cipullo, and Paolo Romano, who document how day-tripping now accounts for over 90% of arrivals, suggesting the introduction of fixed landing quotas (visitor quotas), monitoring via the Tourism Intensity Index, and technological solutions to diversify routes.

The in-depth analysis of the island section then shifts to macroeconomic and transcontinental dynamics. Silvio Attard and Reuben Ellul Dimech analyze the expenditure visitor yield in Malta between 2001 and 2024, proposing in their essay ‘Low and High Yield Visitors by Nationality‘ a matrix that moves beyond absolute volume counting in favor of high-yield segments capable of reducing pressure on coastal infrastructure. Still within the Maltese context, Lino Briguglio and Marie Avellino expose in their contribution ‘The Link between Sustainable Tourism, Tourism Carrying Capacity and Overtourism‘ the gap between sustainability rhetoric and actual practices that led to a doubling of arrivals between 2012 and 2024 on an area of just 316 km², resulting in externalities such as a construction boom, the collapse of transport networks, waste hyper-production, and sewage grid overload. The case of Aruba is presented in the essay ‘The Rise and Resurgence of Overtourism in the Caribbean‘, through a geopolitical insight into the post-pandemic resurgence of overtourism offered by Ryan R. Peterson and Robin Di Pietro, revealing the mechanisms of institutional capture and policy drift operated by transnational economic elites within the accommodation and cruise supply chains, which often tend to marginalize host communities. The volume concludes with Chetan Shah and Dawn Gibson’s investigation into the Fiji Islands in the Pacific; the analysis described in ‘Overtourism Perceptions in an Island Destination‘ notes that citizens do not currently perceive the phenomenon as a pressing threat, introducing the conceptual distinction that mass tourism does not automatically translate into overtourism if robust planning and strategic destination management mechanisms are activated to protect both the quality of the tourist experience and the local balance.

Ultimately, the scientific value of the volume lies in its ability to connect distant geographies under the common denominator of spatial limits and institutional vulnerability. The work demonstrates that overtourism in water nodes is not a marketing problem, but a complex challenge of territorial governance. From the contributions and experiences described, the need emerges to replace old models oriented toward linear volume growth with metrics based on the actual carrying capacity of port and urban infrastructures. The volume invites planners and public authorities operating in waterfront areas to recognize that the sustainable regeneration of these sensitive contexts cannot ignore the protection of permanent residency and the active involvement of local communities, the only elements capable of ensuring the long-term resilience of historic settlements and small islands in the face of pressures from the global leisure industry

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Index of contents

Introduction: Overtourism in Cities and Small Islands
Lino Briguglio, Marie Avellino, Jim Butcher

Chapter 1: Local Community Perspectives on the Conservation of Cultural and Heritage Values in Georgetown, Penang Amidst the Challenges of Overtourism
Ahmad Nazrin Aris Anuar, Hazirah Muhammad Salleh

Chapter 2: The Right to the City and the Reframing of Sustainability in Overtouristed Destinations. The Case of Venice
Giacomo-Maria Salerno

Chapter 3: Overtourism in the Context of the Global Housing Crisis
Jim Butcher

Chapter 4: The Potential of Museums in Mitigating the Negative Effects of Overtourism
Monika Murzyn-Kupisz, Dominika Hołuj

Chapter 5: Overtourism and Habitability Crisis in Rome
Barbara Brollo, Alessandra Esposito, Daniela Festa

Chapter 6: Overtourism in Destinations in Central and Eastern European Countries
Michał Żemła

Chapter 7: Managing Overtourism in a Rapidly Growing Region. The Case of Lombardy, Italy, on the Path to the 2026 Winter Olympics
Francesco Bianchi, Federico Rappelli, Alessandro Capocchi

Chapter 8: Overtourism and Migrant Economic Activity
Andreas Walmsley

Chapter 9: Rethinking Overtourism as a Context-specific Phenomenon. Insights from the Nordics
Jan Henrik Nilsson, Cecilia Cassinger

Chapter 10: Protests against Overtourism across Europe and EU Policy Response
Karl Agius, Michael Briguglio

Chapter 11: An Explanation of Overtourism in Islands
Richard Butler, Rachel Dodds

Chapter 12: Overtourism in Germany’s Far North. The Case of the Island of Sylt
Gert-Jan Hospers

Chapter 13: The Island of Sandhamn – Overtourism and Instagramism
Christian Widholm

Chapter 14: Sustainability, Governance and Touristification. The Balearic Islands Sustainable Tourism Fund
Macià Blázquez-Salom, Nora Müller, Marc Fuster-Uguet, Maria Sard

Chapter 15: Overtourism on the Island of Capri. Policies, Strategies and Solutions
Cinzia Vallone, Nadia Cipullo, Paolo Romano

Chapter 16: Low and High Yield Visitors by Nationality. The Case of Malta
Silvio Attard, Reuben Ellul Dimech

Chapter 17: The Link between Sustainable Tourism, Tourism Carrying Capacity and Overtourism. Perspectives from Malta
Lino Briguglio, Marie Avellino

Chapter 18: The Rise and Resurgence of Overtourism in the Caribbean. Research and Reflections from Aruba
Ryan R. Peterson, Robin DiPietro

Chapter 19: Overtourism Perceptions in an Island Destination. Views from Fiji
Chetan Shah, Dawn Gibson


BOOK Info

Lino Briguglio, Marie Avellino, Jim Butcher (Eds.)
Overtourism in Cities and Small Islands

Publisher: Routledge (Routledge Global Development, Politics & International Relations), February 2026
ISBN: 978-1041004493
Pag.: 290


Authors’ Biographies

Lino BRIGUGLIO

He is Professor of Economics and a member of the board of the Island Tourism Platform at the Islands and Small States Institute of the University of Malta. He has authored several publications on tourism.

Marie AVELLINO

She is Associate Professor at the Department of Tourism Management and chairs the Island Tourism Platform at the University of Malta. She is a tourism anthropologist and the author of several publications on tourism..

Jim BUTCHER

He is a Reader in the Geography of Tourism at Canterbury Christ Church University, UK. He writes about political and human geographical issues pertaining to modern mass tourism, and his work is published in academic journals and books.



Article reference for citation:

Editorial team of PORTUS. “Overtourism in Cities and Small Islands”. PORTUS | Port-City Relationship and Urban Waterfront Redevelopment, 51 (August 2026). RETE Publisher, Venice. ISSN 2282-5789.
URL: https://portusonline.org/overtourism-in-cities-and-small-islands/

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