Beyond Economic Impact: Measuring Social Value in Cruise Tourism

13 Agosto, 2026

Cruise tourism has experienced exponential growth, consolidating itself as one of the tourism modalities with the greatest global impact and radically redefining the relationship between the port and the city. Historically, the measurement of success in this sector has been conditioned by an approach centered mainly on economic impact: direct passenger spending, job creation, or the contribution to GDP.

However, public debate and the citizen narrative usually focus on negative externalities. Numerous reports reflect a generalized perception that cruises generate a predominantly negative balance due to the saturation of urban infrastructures, polluting emissions, noise, and pressure on cultural authenticity and the quality of life of local communities.

There exists, therefore, an evident vacuum of objective information about this real impact of this activity on the lives of people, which has led to an increase in interest to analyze and highlight the social value or footprint that this activity can generate. Much research has pointed out that the sustainability of the sector requires society and local community stakeholders to grant a “social license to operate”, substantiated based on their experiences and perceptions about the impacts of cruise tourism (economic, environmental, and social).

Although some Spanish ports, such as that of Cartagena, have applied specific frameworks to quantify the social impact that ports generate in their local environment and area of influence, little progress has been made in the context of cruise tourism. Precisely to provide an answer to this research vacuum, a group of researchers from the University of Seville and the Andalusian Institute for Research and Innovation in Tourism (IATUR), which develops a specific line driven by ERDF (FEDER) funds, is carrying out a pioneering project. This initiative develops a specific line of work centered on designing methodological tools capable of measuring with scientific rigor the social value and the real impact of this activity in port destinations.

The innovative approach proposed by this group of researchers integrates two internationally recognized systems: the Polyhedral Model of Social Value Analysis (SPOLY), used in a pioneering way by the Port Authority of Cartagena, and the Social Return on Investment (SROI), widely used in the academic field. While SPOLY provides the conceptual architecture to identify and classify the different beneficiaries or stakeholders of the cruise activity, the complement of SROI contributes the scientific and quantitative rigor necessary to monetize specific benefits. Through different phases, this model allows not only the identification of for whom value is generated (Public Administrations, Local Suppliers and Clients, Workers, and Community/Neighbors, among others), but also the identification of those changes and the calculation of the net social value, determining the real well-being generated for society. Finally, when contrasting this net social value with the economic resources and the investment that the tourism activity requires, the model generates an indicator of Social Return on Investment (SROI). Broadly speaking, this metric translates the social impact of the sector into tangible figures, revealing how many euros of value and real well-being are returned to the community for each euro invested in the cruise activity.

In any case, the calculation of social value is not a mere academic exercise, but a transforming tool for urban-port management. Under this premise, the purpose of this approach is neither to displace nor to substitute traditional economic analysis, but to complete it. This methodological standardization contributes multiple strategic advantages. On one hand, it can allow an optimization of public policies, helping institutions to identify where greater social value is generated to guide their investments and maximize positive impact. On the other hand, it can improve transparency and governance, by offering Port Authorities objective data for accountability, improving dialogue and trust with citizens. Lastly, it can also allow an improvement in the reputation of the cruise activity, helping to counteract the predominant perception of negative impacts and making social benefits visible in a fair manner.

This tool must be validated and perfected through its application in specific ports. In line with this, the initiative of the University of Seville and IATUR has proposed as case studies different port enclaves representative of Andalusia, under the umbrella of regional strategies such as the one developed by Suncruise Andalucía. This strategic approach has as its objective to identify, measure, and visualize the social value that cruise tourism generates in the local stakeholders of a port destination.

This regional analysis is complemented to perfection with visions of international governance, supported by the RETE Association, and with models of success such as that of the Port Vell of Barcelona, which contributes the valuable vision of executive management in the port-city interface and the transformation of the urban waterfront. In fact, Port Vell has consolidated itself as an international benchmark in the transformation of urban spaces for the enjoyment of both citizens and visitors, outstanding for a decisive commitment to the improvement of the city and its environment, as the basis of its social acceptance and the improvement of its competitiveness.

The long-term viability of cruise tourism requires coexistence between ports, cruise lines, and receiving communities, where social acceptance will depend on the construction of relationships of mutual trust. For this, it is fundamental that society perceives that port authorities and tourism managers involve themselves actively in the generation and communication of this social value, proactively incorporating their demands into their decisions. Only by measuring its social footprint will a true integration between ports, their cruise activity, and their cities be achieved.

In conclusion, the future of cruise tourism requires a change of approach in port-city governance. Strategies can no longer be based on unidirectional communication or the imposition of projects. To consolidate a sustainable growth model, decision-making agents must jointly design and implement mechanisms of binding participation and standardized tools for the measurement of social value. Only through transparency, the equitable sharing of value, and empathetic dialogue will it be possible to legitimize the activity of cruises, reaching that social license to operate, and permitting a lasting strategic alliance that guarantees the generation of shared value by the port sector and the citizen ecosystem that hosts it.


HEAD IMAGE | The social value of cruise tourism goes beyond its economic impact. (© Port Authority of Seville).


NOTE

[1] This article elaborates on some of the reflections that emerged from the Summer Course “Puertos comprometidos con sus ciudades: transición energética, digitalización y transformación urbana”, organized by RETE and the International University of Andalusia (UNIA) and coordinated by the Port of Seville Chair of the University of Seville, held in La Rábida (Huelva, Spain) in July 2016. The dialogue between port authorities, public administrations, industry experts and the university enriched the analysis, and in the session on “Valor social en el turismo de cruceros”, the contributions of Esther Molina Crespo, Managing Director of Suncruise Andalucía; David Pino, Director of Port Vell in Barcelona; and Oriana Giovinazzi, Editorial Coordinator and Director of PORTUS.


REFERENCES

Mitchell, R. K., Agle, B. R., & Wood, D. J. (1997). Toward a theory of stakeholder identification and salience: Defining the principle of who and what really counts. Academy of Management Review, 22(4), 853–886.

Moeremans, B., & Dooms, M. (2025). Social license to operate: Factors determining social acceptance among local port community stakeholders. Maritime Economics & Logistics, 27(1), 183–210.

The SROI Network. (2012). A guide to social return on investment (US ed.).



Article reference for citation:

RUIZ-MORENO, Carolina and María Ángeles RODRÍGUEZ-SERRANO. “Beyond Economic Impact: Measuring Social Value in Cruise Tourism”. PORTUS | Port-City Relationship and Urban Waterfront Redevelopment, 51 (August 2026). RETE Publisher, Venice. ISSN 2282-5789.
URL: https://portusonline.org/beyond-economic-impact-measuring-social-value-in-cruise-tourism/

RUIZ-MORENO, Carolina and María Ángeles RODRÍGUEZ-SERRANO. “Más allá del impacto económico: Midiendo el Valor Social en el turismo de cruceros”. PORTUS | Port-City Relationship and Urban Waterfront Redevelopment, 51 (August 2026). RETE Publisher, Venice. ISSN 2282-5789.
URL: https://portusonline.org/beyond-economic-impact-measuring-social-value-in-cruise-tourism/