Athens, Where the Olive Tree is More than a Tree

27 Dicembre, 2024

Olive oil is a must ingredient in the Mediterranean culinary tradition. There is hardly any dish that does not include the use of olive oil, either raw for seasoning and long-term storage, or cooked for frying. Well, question is: where does this ingredient, so familiar to the many Mediterranean populations to consider it an element native of all countries?

Based on a fossils and archaeological findings, it is estimated that the olive tree is originally from Asia Minor and it was first cultivated in Anatolia (today part of Turkey). Since then, it has spread in the coastal countries of the Mediterranean Sea, from Italy to Spain, all the way to Turkey and Syria, traveling onboard of tireless Phoenician ships.

Perfectly adapting to the warm and dry climate of these countries, olives and olive oil have become main characters of the cooking of populations living by the Mediterranean basin. Its versatility in the kitchen and its healthy properties have made olive oil not just a base ingredient, but also a symbol of the “Mediterranean Diet”, cultural immaterial patrimony of humanity as recognized by the UNESCO in 2010.

Athena and Poseidon compete for the protectorate of Athens. Detail of the reconstruction of the western pediment of the Parthenon, Athens, Acropolis Museum. (Photo: A. Badami).

Scientific research leads us to the above-mentioned conclusions; however, an antagonistic story told by the Greek mythology claims paternity of this extraordinary ingredient. According to the Greek mythology, the olive tree was a gift of the Goddess Athena to the city of Athens. Mythology hands down that, during a competition with God Poseidon to establish which one of the two divinities would have had the right to be the patron of the city, Athena offered an olive tree as a gift to the population. The tree, symbol of peace and abundance, was considered more useful to the Athenians compared to the gift received from Poseidon, who chose a salty wellspring instead. Thanks to the wisdom of Athena, the olive tree soon began a symbol of prosperity for the city of Athens and was planted in many sacred and public places. Nowadays, this myth regarding the origin of the olive tree, immortalized by Fidia on the west pediment of the Parthenon (as witnessed by Pausania [Paus. 1.24.5]), is maintained alive by the presence of an olive tree at the base of the Erechtheion, on top of the Acropolis of Athens (no worries: the actual tree is not the same as the one at the time of the Gods of Mount Olympus! Every now and again, the tree is replaced by a younger one).

Erechtheion, Acropolis of Athens. On the left, at the foot of the temple, an olive tree is planted. (Photo: A. Badami).

As for many Mediterranean countries, in Greece olive oil is a base ingredient for cooking, frying and seasoning. Greeks consume a lot of olive oil at every meal: in simple dishes like Greek salad, prepared with tomatoes, cucumbers, onions, feta cheese and olive, in the most famous tzatziki, a dip made with yogurt and cucumber, or the exotic babaganoush, a cream made with aubergine, tahini and mint. Olive oil is also used in the more elaborated dishes such as moussaka and souvlaki. Oli is also used to make dessert like the baklava, made with layers of filo pastry filled with crushed hazelnuts, sugar, cloves and cinnamon finished with a gentle spray of warm olive oil before baking.

Souvlaki, a skewer of grilled meat seasoned with a marinade of lemon juice, extra virgin olive oil and aromatic herbs, accompanied by pita, the traditional Greek bread, baked potatoes and salad. (Photo: A. Badami).

In Greece, and especially in Athens, olive oil is not just an ingredient or a therapeutic or cosmetic remedy: it has become an iconic element of tradition. Symbols of the olive tree can be found anywhere: olive tree branches were used to crown heads of athletes, army generals and victorious kings; olive leaves were represented on the Athenian tetradrachm; olive oil was used to oil athletes bodies before Olympic competitions. Also, olive trees can be found along the main roads of the city, in flowerbeds, in children’s playgrounds, in school, private and public gardens.

One of the most suggestive connections between Athens and the olive tree is the garden of the Cultural Center Stavros Niarchos, one of the most innovative public areas of the Greek capital, realized in 2016 under the guidance of the famous Italian Architect Renzo Piano. In Kallithea, 4Km south of Athens, there used to be a demolished urban area, formerly a racecourse which was later on included in the area of the Olympic games of 2004; here it opens a big inclined garden measuring 170.000 squares meters where Mediterranean plants typical of the territory of Attica, such as lavender, rosemary, thyme, and hundreds of olive trees… of course! One area of the park is dedicated to vegetable garden, while, a big grass field decorates a panoramic terrace.

Roof garden and panoramic terrace of the Stavros Niarchos Foundation Cultural Center. (Photo: A. Badami).

It is just after getting lost during a walk in the wild nature, overcome by the fragrances of aromatic plants and the suggestive naturalistic landscapes, that we acknowledge that the garden is not just a mere area standing in front of the of the main building, but we are amazed realizing that it actually is the roof of the building itself! The building has six floors developing below the rooftop garden, where the National Greek Opera house and the National Library of Greece are hosted, whereas from the rooftop terrace, sitting on top of the inclined garden, a panoramic view re-establishes the visual connection between the Acropolis and sea, giving back to Kallithea (translated from Greek : ”belvedere”) its original etymologic meaning.

Roof garden of the Stavros Niarchos Foundation Cultural Center. (Photo: A. Badami).

The center, an important cultural and social hub for the city and the entire country and exquisite quintessence of art, nature and public area, pays homage to history and to the myths of the city thanks to its garden, dominated by the olive trees and their loads of juicy olives, representing at the same time a symbol of a more sustainable and inclusive future for the city of Athens.

Panoramic terrace of the Stavros Niarchos Foundation Cultural Center with a view of the Acropolis of Athens. (Photo: A. Badami).

Translation by Ester Badami


HEAD IMAGE | Stavros Niarchos Foundation Cultural Center, Kallithea, south of Athens. Project by Renzo Piano Building Workshop. (Photo: A. Badami).



Article reference for citation:

BADAMI, Angela Alessandra. “Athens, Where the Olive Tree is More than a Tree”. PORTUS | Port-City Relationship and Urban Waterfront Redevelopment, 48 (December 2024). RETE Publisher, Venice. ISSN 2282-5789.
URL: https://portusonline.org/athens-where-the-olive-tree-is-more-than-a-tree/

BADAMI, Angela Alessandra. “Atene, dove l'ulivo è più di un albero”. PORTUS | Port-City Relationship and Urban Waterfront Redevelopment, 48 (December 2024). RETE Publisher, Venice. ISSN 2282-5789.
URL: https://portusonline.org/athens-where-the-olive-tree-is-more-than-a-tree/



error: Content is protected !!