Palermo Waterfront: A Twenty-year Journey Between Storms and Safe Landings

22 Dicembre, 2025

Twenty years have already passed since the beginning of the long journey that Palermo has courageously—and laboriously—undertaken to return to facing the sea; to be re-immersed in the amniotic fluid that generated it; to regain a port that can propel powerful economies and generate everyday beauty; in short, to reclaim a liquid future as a “city entirely port.” The Palermo case represents a paradigmatic experience of waterfront regeneration, initiated with progressively greater awareness and operability starting in 2005, with the strategic objective of reconnecting the city to its sea and reactivating the function of the commercial port, the tourist harbors, and the extensive coastal areas as an interface between economic propulsion and the production of urban quality. The urban seafront extends for 26 km, from the hamlet of Acqua dei Corsari to Vergine Maria, up to the seaside districts of Mondello and Sferracavallo, traversing a permanent symbiosis between city and sea, between the artificial and the natural, between the lithic and the liquid.

The methodological approach adopted—consistent with the most mature international experiences in urban waterfront redevelopment (Giovinazzi, Moretti, 2010)—is grounded in the “fluid city paradigm” (Carta, 2018; Carta, Ronsivalle, 2016; Carta, La Greca, Ronsivalle, Lino, 2025). This is a conceptual model that considers the waterfront not merely as a functional area, but as an urban/human component capable of generating new economies and development dynamics, connecting the city to global relations and improving the quality of urban space (Hein, 2014): a dimension that links space conceived by institutions, space lived by communities, and space perceived by users. In Palermo, therefore, port areas, peri-port areas, urban maritime zones and natural coastal environments are reconfigured into a new, creative, and comprehensive idea of the city (Carta, 2023), as a band of places dense with activities and porous to local and global flows: an archipelago of gates and vestibules, of centralities and interfaces.

Designing the Fluid City

The first concrete step in designing the fluid city was the Port Master Plan (Piano Regolatore Portuale—PRP), drafted by the author in 2008 for the Port Authority chaired by Antonio Bevilacqua and approved only in 2018 under the presidency of Pasqualino Monti. It was not conceived as a mere traditional regulatory instrument, but as a complex tool with scenario-building, guidance, and design functions, anticipating some of the most recent innovations in port planning. Its primary mission was to restore the meaning and effectiveness of the port system by reconnecting port and city through the definition of appropriate city–port interfaces and target areas—permeable and osmotic zones to be devoted to urban life, in synergy with the development of port functions and security requirements.

The applied model distinguishes the port area into three types, with different degrees of openness toward the city:

  • the fluid port is the area totally open and branching into the urban fabric (e.g., Cala, Molo Trapezoidale), devoted to recreational boating, cultural services, and leisure;
  • the permeable port consists of interchange areas with the city (e.g., the cruise and passenger zone of Banchina Sammuzzo and Molo Vittorio Veneto), whose relationship is filtered by security needs but ensured by large urban regeneration areas that act as connective tissue (e.g., Molo Trapezoidale);
  • the rigid port is the port machine proper (e.g., Banchina Quattroventi and the shipyards), which must remain impermeable to urban contaminations—except for strictly functional ones—in order to guarantee efficiency and safety.

Palermo. The Port Master Plan approved in 2018. (Source: Western Sicily Port Authority – AdSPMSO).

Within the conceptual and spatial perimeter of these three port configurations, some distinctive strengths can be identified:

  • functional and spatial integration: the plan enabled the reordering of port functions, specializing spaces and reserving some for new urban functions;
  • the generation of new “augmented” public space: liquid, open, hybrid, porous, and creative, with iconic interventions such as Palermo Marina Yachting;
  • the multiplication of urban capital: the waterfront is configured as a multiplier of urban capital and a driver of sustainable development. Molo Trapezoidale, for example, generates real-estate, commercial, and tourism value.

Detailed plan of Palermo’s central waterfront. (Source: Western Sicily Port Authority – AdSPMSO).

Naturally, the criticalities and barriers that made the planning process cumbersome and slow should not be overlooked. First, institutional delays forced the definitive approval of the PRP to arrive a decade late, amid harsh institutional conflicts with the municipal administration led by Leoluca Orlando, which opened an incomprehensible dispute over competencies, failing to recognize the opportunities of extended governance over the coastal area and to seize the operational occasion of circular subsidiarity in regenerating Palermo’s central waterfront. Only the diplomatic and managerial approach of President Monti—and later the foresight and cooperative stance of the municipal administration led by Roberto Lagalla—made it possible not only to break the inertia of approval, but also to accelerate the implementation of detailed urban projects and to define an institutional cooperation agreement to intervene jointly (Port System Authority and Municipality of Palermo) in a wide and crucial portion of the city, independent of formal jurisdictional boundaries.

Another criticality concerned the need to free the port area from a mixture and conflict of functions and buildings which—due to the presence of industrial or storage activities—had led to a progressive closure and separation from the city, generating urban devaluation across the entire central area facing the sea. In practice, the sea had disappeared from Palermo’s physical and semantic horizon.

City-port interface. The project for the Palermo cruise/passenger terminal. (© Studio Valle).

From Conflict to a Mutualistic Symbiosis Between Port and City

Over the last twenty years, the evolution of the port–city relationship in Palermo has shifted from a condition of separation and marginality to a model of strategic reconnection. Before the launch of the PRP, the port area was perceived as a marginal place, producing urban disvalue and isolated from the city. The conceptual turning point can be located around 2005, when—thanks to the contemporary vision and relationships of Mayor Diego Cammarata—the Venice Biennale set up its first off-site pavilion in Palermo with the international exhibition “City–Port” (Bruttomesso, ed., 2006), helping to ignite awareness of the potential of waterfronts as strategic and everyday urban components.

The subsequent decade (2008–2018) was marked by the battle for the approval of the PRP, with the critical alternation of the Cammarata and Orlando administrations, which nonetheless consolidated innovation in both method and substance: the aim of bringing Palermo back to the water was not only functional, but above all strategic and visionary. From 2018 onward, implementation of the plan—advanced by President Monti through specific Integrated Port Transformation Projects—materialized the fluid city vision. These projects produced the definitive reconfiguration of strategic areas for the development of port traffic and, at the same time, strengthened the relationship between the city and the port by defining iconic urban–port interfaces.

The redevelopment project for the Port of Sant’Erasmo, the Foro Italico, and the adjacent seafront promenade. (© Studio Provenzano).

The first implementing project—the emblem of the vision—was the complete regeneration of the former trapezoidal pier, from a disused industrial area into a vibrant “water district” called Palermo Marina Yachting, inaugurated in October 2023 in the presence of the President of the Italian Republic. It is a space that hybridizes services for boating, the archaeological musealization of Castello a Mare, and high-quality cultural, commercial, and recreational services. This has created a new urban centrality, frequented daily by citizens and tourists, to which a luxury hotel and a congress center will soon be added, completing the spectrum of urban space with hospitality/residential and convivial functions.

Rendering Palermo Marina Yachting. (© Studio Provenzano).

The second implementing project, now nearing completion, is the interface area along Via Crispi, which envisages an architectural device of public spaces and gardens at various heights that redesign the threshold between city and port, making it porous. The objective is to overcome the boundary by rendering the area permeable and accessible, enabling urban functions to reclaim sea views. Indeed, the creation of an urban park at street level is planned, replacing the fence with a broad open zone for commercial and recreational activities.

In summary, the relationship has evolved from a clear physical and functional separation to an osmotic and strategic integration. A genuine mutualistic symbiosis has been achieved, in which the port has become an integral part of urban life and a generator of value, in line with international trends that view waterfronts as places where the interests of administrators, investors, designers, and citizens converge in a proactive and creative perspective.

Palermo Marina Yachting and the archaeological park. (© Maurizio Carta).

Modern facilities for yachts and pleasure boats in the evocative setting of Palermo Marina Yachting. (© Maurizio Carta).

The Hero’s Journey and Lessons Learned

In its reconquest of the sea, Palermo has undertaken a journey of rebirth and evolution—a flight from an eternal present toward a new future that is now its liquid present. I imagine it undertaking, like the characters of a Bildungsroman, the so-called “hero’s journey,” the well-known narrative structure theorized by Christopher Vogler in the homonymous 2007 essay, in which he defines a narrative canon traceable in most epic stories, from Greek mythology, through Shakespeare, to contemporary book, film, and comic sagas. Palermo, too, performs this journey, articulated in stages that have led it to win the battle against the oblivion of the sea.

The first stage of Palermo-as-heroine is the ordinary world in which the city lived from the post-war period to the early 2000s, with its problems, criticalities, needs and aspirations: the plundering of its cultural assets and landscape to build the ugly modern city; the bloody mafia wars; endemic corruption. The second stage is the call to adventure, when—after the mafia murders of Giovanni Falcone and Paolo Borsellino—the city generates a desire for moral and cultural redemption and accepts the challenge of culture- and creativity-based urban regeneration to overturn the condition of decline, crisis, impoverishment, and abandonment. As the narrative canon prescribes, there is initially a refusal of the call: the skepticism of part of the community about embarking on a perilous adventure without certainties, waging war against a pernicious enemy that is simultaneously exogenous and endogenous. The third stage is the meeting with the mentor: in this case, entry in the 1990s into the European Urban cities network, from which to learn good practices, as well as the election of a new and capable mayor, Leoluca Orlando, who—through vision and culture—spurs the city to face the new challenge.

From here begins Palermo’s new extraordinary world, made of overcoming critical thresholds, assuming responsibility, trials of audacity, searching for resources and allies, and recognizing adversaries (the mafia, but not only). In this phase, the factions that will fight from now on—and that still contend for the city’s future—take clearer form: conservatives and reformists; the former content with maintaining the status quo, the latter understanding that everything must change, starting with urban spaces and modes of use of the city. Through an often-perilous approach, from this point onward Palermo, heroine of regeneration, plans a strategy to address the challenges. In the narrative archetype, the protagonist usually loses the first combat so that, after defeat, they may be reborn stronger; the snag in the plan makes them more human in the eyes of the spectator/reader, who will identify more easily. Palermo, too, in some cases failed its first trials—because of an unforeseen problem, a crisis, a plot, a change of commanders—but this nonetheless made it stronger to move forward: it tempered it and tested its resilience.

Along the road back, after battles lost and won, the city proves that it has changed over the nearly fifteen years that have passed, having been able to capitalize on the adventure of change to face decline and rebirth. Finally, carrying the enduring legacy of the challenge faced, the city has learned numerous lessons and today—under the Lagalla administration—is poised to resume its natural role on the European urban stage, returning to compete in the international arena through significant partnerships. This is the enduring reward for the challenge undertaken, for the new life that from that moment onward will characterize it and allow its inhabitants to continue to consider it their environment of life and growth, rather than a place to flee. The first project of rebirth is the reconquest of the sea, beginning with the port.

Some images of the Castello a Mare Archaeological Park, the “historic heart” of the larger Palermo Marina Yachting complex. (© Maurizio Carta).

Palermo’s experience therefore offers several significant lessons for the planning and regeneration of complex waterfronts. First and foremost is the need for a “vision beyond functional regulation”: the project’s success is rooted in the choice to conceive the Port Master Plan not as a traditional regulatory tool, but as a strategic scenario-based project grounded in the “fluid city paradigm.” Effective waterfront planning must explain why returning to the water matters, overcoming a purely functional logic.

The second lesson concerns the value of “porous interfaces”: the key to reconnection lies in designing “city–port interfaces.” The distinction among “fluid, permeable and rigid port” made it possible to manage simultaneously urban needs (development, leisure, culture) and port needs (efficiency, safety, freight/passenger flows). Permeability is not synonymous with the absence of control, but with functional and spatial osmosis.

The third lesson concerns the role of “public–private partnership and visionary leadership”: the realization of projects such as the regeneration of the trapezoidal pier was made possible through significant funding (30 million euros from the Infrastructure Fund) and the ability to mobilize resources and managerial leadership capable of translating vision into concrete interventions. Waterfront regeneration necessarily requires an alliance among the interests of administrators, investors, promoters, designers, and citizens.

Finally, the impact of “architectural and urban quality” has been crucial, with interventions such as Palermo Marina Yachting and the interface along Via Crispi, which not only provide services but also raise the status of the port area, requalify the surrounding built fabric, and attract new activities (cultural, creative, residential, co-working). The creation of a new iconic public space is an indispensable catalyst for urban and social regeneration.

Futures: The Waterfront as a “New Cardo”

Palermo’s plan of cultural, social, and economic re-appropriation of its waterfront has not been limited to the port area; from 2022, with the new Mayor Roberto Lagalla and my responsibility as Councilor for Urban Planning and Urban Regeneration, it has extended to the entire coast.

Some cultural events promoted along the coast: a theatrical performance on the urban transformations of Palermo, directed and performed by Marina Mazzamuto (left); a one-night disco at the Maritime Station (right). (© Maurizio Carta).

In my idea of Palermo—where a different present is the genesis of the future, a city composed of an archipelago of regenerated places where people can find beauty and work, housing and well-being, creativity and inclusion—the seafront is the city’s new “cardo,” the north–south axis to which some of the most important functions are anchored and along which the main resource areas unfold (Carta, 2023). This is a new axis, different from the traditional one along Via Oreto and Via Libertà, which functions as a backbone between city and sea: a cosmopolitan axis connecting Palermo and the world. An axis that transforms the coast from frontier into a porous interface among new functions of the fluid city, constantly traversed by different communities that mix in a dance of functions, in a sisterhood of areas and people, configuring the space of a new urban species returning to symbiosis with the sea.

The mouth of the Oreto River and the Mare Memoria Viva Ecomuseum. (© Maurizio Carta).

Along this new backbone of land and sea unfold some of Palermo’s most important criticalities, opportunities, and areas in transformation. From north to south: the maritime and seaside hamlets of Sferracavallo and Mondello to be redeveloped; the Addaura coast and Monte Pellegrino with the large natural reserve of the Favorita; the hamlets of Vergine Maria, Arenella and Acquasanta with their ports at various levels of efficiency and the fragile communities behind them; the large disused productive areas of the former Chimica Arenella, the former Manifattura Tabacchi, the old Bagni Pandolfo, and the disused Tirrenia warehouses.
Then we find the port, in powerful development and transformation, with the passenger, freight and cruise areas in tumultuous growth; the future city–port interface with its terraces, gardens and shops; the new Maritime Station that also becomes a nightclub, restaurant, terrace, venue for fashion shows and events, followed by the water district at the trapezoidal pier described above. Further south, beyond the Oreto river, lies the complex, battered, vital, fragile—but also manufacturing, educational and artistic—South Coast, for which the Municipality of Palermo has designed remediation and recovery interventions for almost 60 million euros financed by extra-municipal resources: a succession of neighborhoods (Romagnolo, Settecannoli, Sperone, Bandita, Roccella), coastal landscapes and former bathing establishments, natural and artificial beaches, linear housing blocks and brick factories, up to the “Libero Grassi” park at Acqua dei Corsari, a future emblem of an urban and social redemption of the area and of the whole city, thanks to a regional funding of about 11 million euros for its remediation.

The mural in the Sperone district dedicated to Brother Biagio Conte (1963-2023), a lay missionary from Palermo known as “the angel of the poor”. (© Maurizio Carta).

The Brick Factory along the South Coast. (© Maurizio Carta).

It is an axis of enormous potentialities and resources, composed of places at once fragile and powerful, demanding an overarching project capable of re-stitching relations between city and sea, generating and regenerating a new seafront, and acting as the driver of a city project. A backbone that connects urban organs, a spine onto which portions of the future are attached, for which a shared vision and design are required—like a staff line on which the notes of the urban score rest with knowledge and harmony, so that the music of the future city can resonate. To make this integrated vision between city and sea concrete, in 2023 a specific agreement was signed between the Municipality of Palermo and the Port System Authority for the co-design and integrated management of all interface areas; more recently, it was further extended by the Extraordinary Commissioner of the AdSP, Annalisa Tardino, to enable the use of regional resources to complete the urban portions of the city–port interface area and the aerial connection between the port and the city, sanctioning the definitive symbiosis between the two parts and eliminating any threshold.

The Libero Grassi Park along the South Coast, a future emblem of the area’s urban and social revitalization. (© Maurizio Carta).

The agreement was a first step toward an overall reconfiguration of the coast. The subsequent phase will be to draft the new General Urban Plan (currently under development) and approve the Coastal State Property Use Plan (completed at the end of 2025), which will include a band of the city that, starting from the coastline, intercepts all major transformation areas both longitudinally and transversally (penetrating into the urban fabric to include the fairground area and the former Sampolo railway station, the former slaughterhouse and former gasometer, the neighborhoods of Borgo Vecchio and Brancaccio, just to mention a few examples). What is needed today is a comprehensive urban design that gives organic coherence to regeneration and development in areas in transition, shaping residential space as well, defining adequate mobility, configuring public space in a complementary manner, and establishing criteria for safeguarding the cultural and landscape values involved.

Conclusions

Integrated urban planning coupled with urban regeneration will stimulate spatial, social, cultural and economic innovation; it will provide a coherent framework for the necessary extra-municipal funds; it will ensure legal certainty for the substantial investments to be attracted; and, above all, it will provide an overall identity to regeneration along the coastal cardo, avoiding the fragmentation of recovery interventions that would weaken their impact and postpone the return on investment for private partners and investors.

Palermo’s waterfront is therefore the place where the future will happen—as I like to define it: a vibrant portion of the city that acts as a trigger and driver for the overall development project of the city of the near future, tailored to the new generations. A development founded on the “fluid city paradigm,” which has guided planning that is not only regulatory but strategic, not only prescriptive but generative, not only spatial but civic. The Palermo case thus not only demonstrates the crucial importance of the waterfront as a hinge between global flows and creative urban regeneration, but also aspires to propose itself as a new protocol and canon of a necessary “urbanogenesis” (Carta, 2025): a regeneration that produces new urbanity and not merely an increase in economic–financial values.

In 2005, writer David Foster Wallace gave a lecture to young graduates of Kenyon College in Ohio, beginning with this: «There are these two young fish swimming along and they happen to meet an older fish swimming the other way, who nods at them and says “Morning, boys. How’s the water?” And the two young fish swims on for a bit, and then eventually one of them looks over at the other and goes “What the hell is water?” I imagine that the process/project for the regeneration of Palermo’s waterfront can respond to the new generations who will inhabit the city: this is water.


HEAD IMAGE | Palermo Marina Yachting, a redeveloped port area located on the Trapezoidal Pier of the port of Palermo. (© Maurizio Carta).


REFERENCES



Article reference for citation:

CARTA, Maurizio. “Palermo Waterfront: A Twenty-year Journey Between Storms and Safe Landings”. PORTUS | Port-City Relationship and Urban Waterfront Redevelopment, 50 (December 2025). RETE Publisher, Venice. ISSN 2282-5789.
URL: https://portusonline.org/palermo-waterfront-a-twenty-year-journey-between-storms-and-safe-landings/

CARTA, Maurizio. “Waterfront Palermo: un viaggio lungo venti anni tra tempeste e approdi sicuri”. PORTUS | Port-City Relationship and Urban Waterfront Redevelopment, 50 (December 2025). RETE Publisher, Venice. ISSN 2282-5789.
URL: https://portusonline.org/palermo-waterfront-a-twenty-year-journey-between-storms-and-safe-landings/

error: Content is protected !!