Negotiating the Waterfront: Port-City Integration and Urban Regeneration in Naples

22 Dicembre, 2025

Introduction

In 2025, the city of Naples celebrates 2,500 years of history: more than two millennia of evolution and profound transformations which, from ancient Neapolis to the contemporary era, have seen the waterfront -and the port in particular- play a pivotal role.

The historical stratification of the city’s various stages of development testifies to the centrality of port activity in urban life. This centrality is also evident from an urban planning perspective, especially considering the recent discoveries of the Roman-era port and its vessels, unearthed during the excavations for the Piazza Municipio metro station [1].

In its current configuration, the Port of Naples appears as a relatively recent infrastructure; however, its history is marked by a complex series of events and transformations that have established it as a symbol of every critical or regenerative phase of the city: “a cornerstone of the program for the industrialization of the city and its territory in the first two decades of the twentieth century; a symbolic place of emigration from Southern Italy; a port of the Empire; an image of wartime devastation; a banner of possible economic recovery and urban revitalization; a symbol of the difficulties faced by the local economy in confronting a globally competitive dimension” [2].

The port still preserves many of its historical structures, such as the Immacolatella building, the military dock, the Bourbon dry dock at Molo San Vincenzo, and the pier itself, although many of these remain unused and in a state of abandonment [3]. Between the city and the port, buildings and spaces of interaction hold significant historical, urban, and economic value. While this importance makes their rehabilitation complex [4][5], it also represents an enormous potential for the revitalization of the entire city.

From a functional standpoint, the Port of Naples is divided into three main macro-areas: the historic port, extending from Molo San Vincenzo to Calata Granili; the shipbuilding area, stretching from Molo Carmine to Calata Marinella; and the commercial port, which extends from Pontile Vittorio Emanuele in the west to Molo di Levante in the east.

Despite this clearly defined functional structure, the spatial distribution is far from harmonious, and the lack of an integrated planning strategy has, over the years, contributed to a state of disorder [6][7] that only recently —and not without difficulty— has begun to move slowly toward a concrete resolution.

Starting from the east, the narrow coastal strip bordering the Pietrarsa Museum is separated from the urban fabric by the Naples–Salerno railway line. The area’s main industrial buildings, such as the former Corradini plant, the former Cirio factory, the Granili complex, and the Società Meridionale di Elettricità, are currently abandoned.

The East Coast seen from the sea: between industrial archaeology and abandonment. (© Benedetta Ettorre, 2025).

The railway has further isolated these areas, contributing to the formation of a neglected coastal landscape accessible only at a few points. One example is the pedestrian route renamed Lungomare di San Giovanni a Teduccio which, together with the small urban beaches adjacent to the former wastewater treatment plant and the Corradini site, represents one of the few access points to the sea for residents of the district.

In the historic port, monumental buildings and logistical infrastructures coexist without an adequate infrastructural framework. The absence of a dedicated port road network results in the overlap of freight traffic, private vehicles, and pedestrian flows along the same road sections, exacerbating risks and congestion.
Although the elements outlined above might suggest a complex and difficult-to-resolve situation, in recent years many fundamental pieces have been reworked and repositioned. It is therefore pertinent to ask: what has changed since 2018, when in the article “L’interazione porto città a Napoli dal mare alla regione”, published in volume 35 of Portus by Clemente [8], it was stated that:
(…) the critical issues of the Neapolitan context have prevented the port from growing and from connecting with the city: political weakness of both the former Port Authority and the Municipality of Naples, widespread individualism in Neapolitan society, fragmentation of the productive economic system, and the weakness of purpose-driven associations (…)”?

Today, some of these limitations appear to have been overcome or at least significantly reduced, opening up unprecedented scenarios in the relationship between port and city. At the root of this change lies a key factor: the surge of Naples as an international tourist destination, which has made the city’s port the second in the country for passenger traffic, with figures reaching record highs in 2024. This dynamic has accelerated the resolution of issues that had historically remained unresolved, foremost among them the revision of the Port Master Plan (Piano Regolatore Portuale, PRP), whose 2013 proposal had been rejected by the Superior Council of Public Works due to procedural and planning shortcomings.
Meanwhile, the Strategic System Planning Document (Documento di Pianificazione Strategica di Sistema, DPSS)—a fundamental tool for defining and guiding the management strategies of ports under the jurisdiction of a Port System Authority—was updated in 2021, outlining new strategies to improve integration between the port and the city. As provided for by Law 84/94, the document identifies and delineates port areas and port-city interaction areas, which include “urban connections and interfaces between the port and the city, with a prominent role assigned to the redevelopment of waterfront areas, disused port buildings, urban connections, and route corridors that ensure the physical and social link between the city and the port.”

Among the numerous redevelopment projects included in the DPSS and in the POT (Piano Operativo Triennale), some are slowly taking shape, while others are already fully operational. Notable among these is the connection between the forecourt of the Maritime Station and Piazza Municipio, part of the broader Piazzale Angioino project, which—according to the classification provided by the Port System Authority—falls within the areas of “urban penetration.” Within this context, the link between the city and the port is ensured by the pedestrian underpass connecting the two squares, designed by architects Álvaro Siza and Eduardo Souto de Moura as part of the Line 1 metro station project at Piazza Municipio. This structure allows travelers and cruise passengers to move quickly from the maritime station into the city, avoiding road crossings. The Piazza Municipio hub, as configured, completes an integrated transport system that connects the port terminal to all areas of the city and to all major transport hubs, including the Piazza Garibaldi railway station and, in the near future, Capodichino Airport.

The pedestrian crossing between Porto and Piazza Municipio. (© Benedetta Ettorre, 2025).

Another important hinge connecting the city and the sea is the new Beverello terminal, inaugurated in July 2024 after almost five years of works repeatedly interrupted by the Covid-19 pandemic. Facing Naples’ monumental area, the facility acts as a pivot between the western seafront —primarily characterized by its landscape value— and a waterfront that, moving eastward, becomes progressively more infrastructural.

The intervention at Molo Beverello, the outcome of an international design competition launched about twenty years ago, represents a significant component of the broader project entitled “Redevelopment of the Monumental Area of the Port of Naples”, which develops the notion of the filtering line conceived by French architect Michel Euvé. This “boundary line” aimed to return to Naples a permeable and functional waterfront, capable of acting as a connective element between port infrastructures and architecture on one side and the dense urban fabric on the other. The primary objective of the project was the improvement of traffic flows and landside services for passengers; at the same time, however, the construction of the roof as a walkable elevated path contributed to making the area fully accessible to citizens, while ensuring the full operational use of the project’s facilities and quays for port activities. Nevertheless, compared with the original filtering line project, the passenger terminal —now the sole surviving element of that vision— appears detached from the intended logic of urban stitching, risking the creation of an opaque barrier between city and sea [9].

Redevelopment of Molo Beverello within the Monumental Port of Naples. (Source: Tstudio, 2024).

From an administrative perspective, the twenty years that elapsed between the competition and the actual construction of the terminal were marked by a series of events worth mentioning. Detailed design of the waterfront began in 2007, but the process was soon suspended due to disagreements between the Port System Authority (AdSP) and the Superintendency, which at the time had imposed a heritage restriction on the former Magazzini Generali building. After approximately two years of stagnation, in 2010 a protocol was signed and a tripartite technical working group was established, involving the Port Authority, the Superintendency, and the Municipality of Naples. This group rapidly approved a new preliminary project, proposing a recovery solution for the former Magazzini Generali building. Works were halted once again, and only in 2013 was the Beverello project separated from the broader waterfront redevelopment scheme to accelerate the construction of a service considered essential for a city experiencing continuous tourism growth. The process stalled again until 2017, and then once more until 2019, when construction finally began.

Among the recent redevelopment projects in the historic port area is also that of the Immacolatella building, located between Calata Porta di Massa and the former Magazzini Generali of Calata Piliero. The restoration consolidated the eighteenth-century masonry and removed twentieth-century additions, bringing to light the original architectural configuration, colors, and materials. According to the DPSS, in addition to uses related to the functions assigned to the historic port, the building may also accommodate museum functions—such as a museum of emigration or of Neapolitan song—as well as university teaching spaces or a Port Center. However, four years after the completion of the works, the building still lacks an assigned function.

In addition to the projects already described, a powerful external driver accelerating strategic interventions along the waterfront is the America’s Cup, an international sporting event scheduled to take place in Naples in 2027. The prospect of hosting the competition has prompted the municipal administration, in coordination with the Port System Authority, to boost infrastructural works and urban regeneration projects, strengthening the bond between city and port and anticipating the completion of strategic waterfront interventions. While on the Bagnoli coastline the planned works aim to accelerate environmental remediation and the urban regeneration of the Bagnoli-Coroglio Site of National Interest (SIN), along the city waterfront significant progress is being made toward the implementation of another major project linking port and city: the Porta Marittima.
Part of the Centro Storico Development Agreement, the project seeks to enhance the area connecting Piazza Municipio to the public promenade leading to Molo San Vincenzo, passing through the Beverello Maritime Station. Designed by architect Álvaro Siza, the project emphasizes the intention to reunite city and port by establishing a relationship between the two urban realms and creating a new spatial order for the square in front of the station. Conceived in this way, the Porta aims to become a new landmark along the Neapolitan waterfront, serving as the starting point for a seaside promenade that will lead residents and tourists from the heart of the city toward another major protagonist of the area: Molo San Vincenzo, the main breakwater of the Port of Naples, inaccessible for many years.

The heliport at Molo San Vincenzo. (© Benedetta Ettorre, 2025).

After more than a decade of negotiations, dialogue, and commitment by the relevant administrations, the Italian Navy, and associations active on the issue—including the Friends of Molo San Vincenzo—the structure will finally be reopened to the public, offering a walkway extending for approximately 2 km out into the sea and providing an entirely new view of the city.

The pedestrian route along the pier will begin at the entrance of the Lega Navale, near the Molosiglio gardens. The visitors’ walkway will run alongside the Naval Base and continue past the existing buildings until it reaches the area dedicated to the sailing school. From here, access will be granted to the longest stretch of the pier, where a walkway will be built adjacent to the existing breakwater: from this point, visitors will be able to enjoy uninterrupted views of the sea up to the boundary with the area managed by the Port System Authority. The recovery and public opening of the pier’s former helipad is also planned; access will be ensured by a panoramic glass elevator. The helipad’s unique location will provide a 360-degree viewpoint over the Gulf of Naples and the city.

Completing the picture of the recently introduced planning initiatives is the project for an underground parking facility and the redevelopment of the areas surrounding the former Magazzini Generali building along Calata Piliero. Already approved and currently under construction, the project forms part of a broader program for the redevelopment of the Calata, which also includes the conservation restoration of the building and the reorganization of the access system to the Immacolatella building, both entrusted under separate commissions.
The project is articulated on three levels: urban, green, and architectural. Their superimposition, envisaging an urban redesign that incorporates both ground-level and underground spaces, aims to restore a more direct and fluid relationship between the city and the sea, transforming Calata Piliero into a connective area capable of linking the two realms.

After decades of delays and discontinuities, the process of reconnection between port and city in Naples now appears to be entering a more mature and structured phase. The impetus provided by tourism growth and renewed interest in the waterfront has facilitated the activation of strategies and interventions that, although still evolving, are already producing tangible effects on urban space and on the collective perception of the port.

The projects currently underway represent components of a broader vision aimed at restoring accessibility, quality, and functionality to the places and spaces of interaction between the city and the sea, while respecting their historical, social, and economic specificities. Yet the full success of this process will depend on the ability of institutions and stakeholders to ensure continuity and coordination, avoiding new forms of fragmentation and the dispersion of resources.

Today, Naples faces a unique opportunity: to transform its historic maritime vocation into a lever for sustainable development, capable of strengthening the competitiveness of the port while simultaneously enhancing urban well-being and collective identity. If pursued with vision and continuity, this challenge—matured through two decades of interventions and strategies along the waterfront—can consolidate a reconciled port-city relationship, celebrating the city’s millennia-old past while projecting it with renewed ambition toward its future on the sea.


HEAD IMAGE | The rediscovered port-city relationship in Naples. (© Benedetta Ettorre, 2024).


REFERENCES

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Article reference for citation:

CLEMENTE, Massimo and Benedetta ETTORRE. “Negotiating the Waterfront: Port-City Integration and Urban Regeneration in Naples”. PORTUS | Port-City Relationship and Urban Waterfront Redevelopment, 50 (December 2025). RETE Publisher, Venice. ISSN 2282-5789.
URL: https://portusonline.org/negotiating-the-waterfront-port-city-integration-and-urban-regeneration-in-naples/

CLEMENTE, Massimo and Benedetta ETTORRE. “Negotiating the Waterfront: integrazione porto-città e rigenerazione urbana a Napoli”. PORTUS | Port-City Relationship and Urban Waterfront Redevelopment, 50 (December 2025). RETE Publisher, Venice. ISSN 2282-5789.
URL: https://portusonline.org/negotiating-the-waterfront-port-city-integration-and-urban-regeneration-in-naples/

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